CERECLOR
CERECLOR
Cereclor is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Cereclor is classified according to its carbon-chain length and percentage of chlorination, with carbon-chain lengths generally ranging from C10 to C30 and chlorination from approximately 35% to greater than 70% by weight.
Cereclor is a versatile compound used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various applications, including metalworking lubricants, plastics, rubber, and paint.
CAS Number: 63449-39-8
EC Number: 264-150-0
Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₈Cl₈
Molecular Weight: 545.3
Synonyms: Chlorowax 40, Chlorinated paraffin, 63449-39-8, Chlorinated paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, Chlorinated waxes, Chlorcosane, Arubren, Cereclor, Chlorowax, Flexchlor, Unichlor, Chlorinated wax, Paroil chlorez, Arubren CP, Chlorinated paraffinS, Cerechlor 54, Chloroflo 35, Chloroflo 40, Chloroflo 42, Chlorowax 50, Chlorowax 70, Chlorowax 70S, Cereclor 30, Cereclor 42, Cereclor 48, Cereclor 52, Cereclor 54, Cereclor 70, Chlorowax 45AO, Unichlor 50, Cereclor 50LV, Cereclor 51L, Cereclor 56L, Cereclor 63L, Cereclor 65L, Cereclor 70L, Cereclor S52, Cereclor S70, Chlorez 700hmp, Chlorowax 170, Chlorowax S 70, Cereclor S 42, Crechlor S 45, Chloroparaffine 40G, Chlorowax 70-5, Aquamix 108, Chlorez 700, Creclor S 45, Adekacizer E 410, Adekacizer E 450, Adekacizer E 470, Paraffin, chlorinated, Chlorowax 40-40, Paraffin wax, chlorinated, Chlorinated paraffin waxes, A 70 (wax), 4,8,11,14,17,21-hexachlorotetracosane, EINECS 264-150-0, Chlorinated paraffins (C23,43 chlorine), Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chloro, EC 264-150-0, Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated, Chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13), Chlorinated paraffins (C14-C17), Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro [Chlorinated paraffins], 2307470-52-4, 63449-39-8 Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro, 85422-92-0 Paraffin oils and hydrocarbon oils, chloro, 61788-76-9 Alkanes, chloro, 68920-70-7 Alkanes, C6–18, chloro, 71011-12-6 Alkanes, C12–13, chloro, 84082-38-2 Alkanes, C10–21, chloro, 84776-06-7 Alkanes, C10–32, chloro, 84776-07-8 Alkanes, C16–27, chloro, 85049-26-9 Alkanes, C16–35, chloro, 85535-84-8 Alkanes, C10–13, chloro, 85535-85-9 Alkanes, C14–17, chloro, 85535-86-0 Alkanes, C18–28, chloro, 85536-22-7 Alkanes, C12–14, chloro, 85681-73-8 Alkanes, C10–14, chloro, 97659-46-6 Alkanes, C10–26, chloro, 97553-43-0 Paraffins (petroleum), normal C > 10, chloro, 106232-85-3 Alkanes, C18–20, chloro, 106232-86-4 Alkanes, C22–40, chloro, 108171-26-2 Alkanes, C10–12, chloro, 108171-27-3 Alkanes, C22–26, chloro, Alkanes, chlorinated, alkanes (C10–12), chloro (60%), alkanes (C10–13), chloro (50–70%), alkanes (C14–17), chloro (40–52%), alkanes (C18–28), chloro (20–50%), alkanes (C22–26), chloro (43%), C12, 60% chlorine, C23, 43% chlorine, chlorinated alkanes, chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes, Chlorinated paraffin waxes, chlorinated waxes, chloroalkanes; chlorocarbons, chloroparaffin waxes, paraffin, chlorinated, paraffins, chloro, paraffin waxes, chlorinated, paroils, chlorinated, polychlorinated alkanes, polychloro alkanes, Paraffin wax, chlorinated, Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated, Chlorinated paraffin, Chlorinated wax, Chlorinated waxes, Chlorowax 40, Chlorowax 500c, alkanes, C14-17, chloro, alkanes, C14-17, chloro, C14-17, chloro alkanes, Chlorinated paraffins, C14-17, chloro alkanes, C14-17, chloro, C14-17 alkanes
Cereclor is a class of chemicals used for a variety of applications.
They can be classified according to the length of their chlorine chains, and commercial formulations may include a mix of compounds in this class.
Cereclor is considered a Long Chain Cereclor (LCCP), with 24 chlorine atoms.
Cereclor is almost insoluble in water, and flame retardant.
Cereclor can function as a plasticizing additive to for metal lubricants and cutting fluids, plastics, rubber, paint, adhesives, and more.
Liquid is an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter intermediate between gases and solids in which the molecules are much more highly concentrated than in solids.
Cereclor is a yellowish liquid made of a long chain Cereclor that contains a stabilizer to maintain product integrity during transport and storage.
Primarily used as a flame retardant additive, Cereclor can be used in plasticizers and EP metalworking packages.
Cereclor is typically applied in straight oil machining, drawing and stamping fluids.
Cereclor, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides.
Cereclor is compound containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a chlorine atom.
Cereclor is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Cereclor belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides.
Cereclor is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Cereclor is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and Cereclor uses for different applications by various industries.
Cereclor is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Cereclor is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and Cereclor uses for different applications by various industries.
Cereclor is a non-flammable, non-corrosive and low volatility liquid at room temperature.
Cereclor is mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
Chlorination amount may vary fom 30% to 70% depending on weight.
Length of carbons vary from ten to thirty.
Cereclorcan be found as colorless, yellow-ish liquid or solid.
Cereclors’ chemical and physical properties depend on chlorine amount, molecule structure and length of carbon chain.
Cereclor is produced on different amounts for different industries.
Cereclor is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of Cereclor can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Cereclors are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Cereclor is colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Cereclor is synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.
The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Cereclor is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Cereclor is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, and Asia.
In China, where most of the world’s production capacity of Cereclor is located, 600,000 tons of Cereclor were produced in 2007.
Cereclor is a transparent viscous liquid having distinct sweet odour.
Cereclor is essentially insoluble in water but soluble in other chlorinated solvents.
Cereclor is a straight-chain hydrocarbons that have been chlorinated.
Cereclor is classified according to its carbon-chain length and percentage of chlorination, with carbon-chain lengths generally ranging from C 10 to C 30 and chlorination from approximately 35% to greater than 70% by weight.
Cereclor is made by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
The three most common commercial feedstocks used are paraffins with carbon number ranges of: Short-chain (C 10-13 ), Intermediate-chain (C 14-17 ) and Long-chain (C 18-30 ).
Cereclor is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Cereclor is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and Cereclor uses for different applications by various industries.
Cereclor is a mixture of hydrocarbons extracted from certain distillates of petroleum, shale oil or other bituminous mineral oils.
The main component is solid alkanes, odorless and tasteless, white or light yellow translucent solid.
Coarse paraffin is mainly used for making matches, fiberboard, tarpaulin, etc. due to its high oil content.
After immersing the paper in paraffin, a variety of wax paper with good waterproof performance can be prepared, which can be used in food, pharmaceutical and other packaging, metal rust prevention and printing industry; paraffin added to cotton yarn can make the textile soft, smooth and elastic ; Paraffin can also be made into detergents, emulsifiers, dispersants, plasticizers, greases, etc.
Fully refined paraffin and semi-refined paraffin are widely used, mainly used as components and packaging materials for food, oral medicines and certain commodities (such as wax paper, crayons, candles, carbon paper), coating materials for baking containers, for fruit preservation.
Insulation of electrical components, Cereclor improves rubber aging resistance and increase flexibility.
Cereclor can also be used to oxidize synthetic fatty acids.
The other major outlet for Cereclor is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where they have long been recognised as one of the most effective extreme pressure additives for lubricants used in a wide range of machining and engineering operations.
In all of these applications, there is a long history of safe use and some major customers have been using Cereclor for over 50 years.
After adding polyolefin additives to paraffin wax, its melting point increases, adhesion and flexibility increase, and Cereclor is widely used in moisture-proof and waterproof packaging paper, paperboard, surface coating of certain textiles and candle production.
Cereclor is manufactured by halogenation reaction of Paraffin Oil (Alkane Chain) with Chlorine gas.
Cereclor is a transparent viscous liquid having distinct sweet odor, and insoluble in water but soluble in other chlorinated solvents.
Cereclor is classified according to percentage of chlorination, with chlorination ranging from 40% to 70% by weight.
Cereclor is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The chlorination degree of Cereclor (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Cereclors are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into:
Short-chain C10-C13
Medium-chain C14-C17
Long-chain C>17
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Cereclor (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids
Cereclor waxes (CPWs) are produced by chlorination of straight-chained paraffin wax fractions.
The carbon chain length of commercial Cereclor wax is usually between 10 and 30 carbon atoms, and the chlorine content is usually between 40 and 70% by weight.
Cereclor is viscous colorless or yellowish dense oils with low vapor pressures, except for those of long carbon chain length with high chlorine content (70%), which are solid.
Cereclor is practically insoluble in water, lower alcohols, glycerol and glycols, but are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, mineral oils and some cutting oils.
Cereclor is moderately soluble in unchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Cereclor consist of extremely complex mixtures, owing to the many possible positions for the chlorine atoms.
Cereclor is a Cereclor wax (C 22-C30 ) – an organic compound containing chloride polychlorinated n-alkanes.
Cereclor is a white/off-white powder.
Cereclor functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Cereclor is essentially soluble in aliphatics and hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, however is insoluble in water, glycerine and glycols.
The four most common commercial products used are paraffins with carbon chain ranges of:
Short-chain (C 10-13 ), Intermediate-chain (C 14-17 ), Long-chain (C 18-28 ). Wax (C 22-30 )
Cereclor is an industrial chemical, which may also be found in some consumer products.
Cereclor is a family of complex chemical mixtures composed of varying lengths of carbon atom chains.
Short-chain Cereclors have 10 to 13 carbon atoms, medium-chain Cereclors have 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and long-chain Cereclors have 18 or more carbon atoms.
Cereclors (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Cereclors are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Cereclors are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C. The radical substitution may be promoted by UV light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Cereclor is a complex mixture of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which is not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Cereclor is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Cereclor was produced in 2007.
Cereclors (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
The chlorination degree of Cereclors can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Cereclors are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Cereclors are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Cereclor is a long chain chlorinated compound.
Cereclor is a nonflammable, non-corrosive, low volatile liquid at room temperature.
Cereclor contains a stabilizer to maintain product integrity during transport and storage.
Cereclor is used in a wide variety of applications including flame retardants, plasticizers and EP metalworking packages.
Cereclor appears as clear to light amber or yellow viscous liquid
Cereclor has a slightly pungent odor.
Cereclor flows only very slowly.
Cereclor is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of Cereclor can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Cereclor is subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Cereclor is colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Applications of Cereclor:
Cereclor is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications Cereclor can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Cereclor is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Cereclor is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Correct reformulation with UNICHLOR produces PVC compounds with comparable physical properties: softness or hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and others, as well as heat aged retention of physical properties.
Increasingly, regulations specify flame resistance/ fire resistant in a growing number of applications.
Cereclor is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.
Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents and Paints can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Cereclor is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Cereclor is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Cereclor is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Cereclor is also used in caulks and sealants.
As an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.
Cereclor is a long chain chlorinated compound.
Cereclor is non-corrosive
Cereclor is low volatile liquid
Cereclor has a slightly pungent odor.
Cereclor is insoluble in water
Cereclor is used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride
Cereclor is used on a large scale as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industry, precision engineering industry and in machinery construction.
Cereclor is industrial chemicals, which may also be found in some consumer products.
Cereclor is used in metalworking fluids
Cereclor is essentially soluble in ketone and esters
Cereclor is typically applied in straight oil machining, drawing and stamping fluids.
Cereclor, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides.
Cereclor belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides.
Industrial Applications:
Production of Cereclor for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 Cereclor formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.
Cereclor is manufactured by the chlorination of specified normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons) obtained from petroleum refining.
Ordinary commercial Cereclors are not single compounds but are mixtures, each containing several homologous n-alkanes corresponding to their manufacture from n-paraffin fractions with several different degrees of chlorination.
Cereclor is characterized to a first approximation by the carbon-chain length range of their n-alkanes and by the chlorine content of the product.
An average chain length for the hydrocarbon feedstock or an average molecular weight is often stated as well.
For example, a Cereclor referred to as C12, 60% chlorine, would be a product with an average chain length of 12 carbons with approximately 60% chlorine.
Cereclor that has been manufactured from pure n-paraffins are generally unreactive and stable during storage at normal temperatures.
Depending on their chain length and degree of chlorination, Cereclors are colourless or yellowish, mobile to highly viscous liquids or waxy to glassy solidified substances.
Cereclor is practically insoluble in water, although they can form emulsions and/or suspensions
Cereclor is used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent low inflammability of PVC would be impaired by primary plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate).
Cereclor is used on a large scale as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industry, precision engineering industry and in machinery construction.
As additives to paints, coatings and sealants, Cereclors improve resistance to water and chemicals.
Cereclor is industrial chemicals, which may also be found in some consumer products.
Cereclor is a family of complex chemical mixtures composed of varying lengths of carbon atom chains.
Short-chain Cereclors have 10 to 13 carbon atoms, medium-chain Cereclors have 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and long-chain Cereclors have 18 or more carbon atoms.
Uses of Cereclor:
Due to their versatile nature, Cereclor can be found in many products used on a daily basis.
The different Cereclor uses with a vast range of applications are Fire-resistant.
Cereclor offers a low-cost and flame-retardant solution for a wide range of applications.
When treated at high temperatures, Cereclor liberated a good amount of HCL and in its condensed form, HCL contributes to the formation of char.
In the vapor phase, HCl can act as a flame poison.
When decomposed, Cereclor forms a char-like residue that acts as a flame retardant.
Due to its flame-retardant property, Cereclor uses are in the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, sealants, lubricants, industrial coatings, adhesives, fabrics, or any application where fire resistance is essential.
Cereclor is used as a resistant to water-based detergent extraction.
Cereclor is used many manufacturers use water-based detergents/ adhesives to clean metal parts.
All these water-based detergent extractions eliminate containments like grease and oil, Cereclor can also remove plasticizers that are much needed for an effective formulation.
Cereclor releases hydrochloric acid at a high temperature which then bonds with the metal surface and forms a thin and solid film of lubrication.
Cereclor is a major secondary plasticizer used in the manufacturing of flexible PVC and Cereclor uses enhances the flame-retardant properties in PVC products such as PVC cables, flooring, and garden pipe raw material.
Another Cereclor use over other plasticizers is the overall low-cost manufacturing of products.
Cereclor uses are that is used as excessive pressure additives such as metal working lubricants and cutting oil.
This is due to the compatibility with oils, viscous nature, and property of hydrochloric acid at high-temperature changes.
Some other Cereclor uses are that they improve the resistance to water and chemicals making them most suitable to be used in the manufacturing of marine paints, and as a coating for industrial flooring, vessels, and swimming pools.
The application for which Cereclor is required decides the level of chlorination and grade of Cereclor used.
Cereclor is a complex chemical substance used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
Cereclor is often used as a flame retardant and secondary plasticizer in rubber, paints, adhesives, caulks, sealants and plastics.
Another use of Cereclor is as a coolant or lubricant in metal cutting or forming.
Cereclor is mainly used as a flame retardant in conveyer belt, V belts, natural & synthetic rubber.
Cereclor is mainly used as a plasticizer in formulation of PVC compounds & granules used in wires & cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films & sheets, PVC foot wears, etc.
Cereclor is used in Polyurethane and Polysulfide based sealants and adhesives.
Cereclor is used as an extreme pressure additive in metal working fluids / cutting compounds.
Cereclor is used as a flame retardant in the paint industry in the formulation of swimming pool paints and other fire proof paints.
Cereclor is mostly produced for rubber production.
Cereclor is also used in vinyl and acrylic dye production.
Cereclor is also used as fire retarder in PVC formulations.
Cereclor is also used as pressure additive in lubricants and working liquid in metal processings.
Cereclor is a high-insulation chemical product in india & it is a complex chemical substance used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The main use of Cereclor is to retard fires in various types of conveyor belts, V belts and rubber materials.
Cereclor is commonly used as a plasticizer in the formulation of PVC compounds and granules, which are often used in wires and cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films and sheets, PVC foot wear products.
Cereclor is used in sealants and adhesives made from polyurethane and polysulfide materials.
Cereclor is used as an additive to metalworking fluids and cutting compounds to increase the pressure.
Cereclor is used as a flame retardant in the paint industry, often in the formulation of swimming pool paints and other fire-proofing products.
Cereclor is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications Cereclor can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Cereclor is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Cereclor is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Correct reformulation with UNICHLOR produces PVC compounds with comparable physical properties: softness or hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and others, as well as heat aged retention of physical properties.
Increasingly, regulations specify flame resistance/ fire resistant in a growing number of applications of Cereclor.
Cereclor is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.
Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents, and Paints, Cereclor can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Cereclor is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Cereclor is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Cereclor is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Cereclor is also used in caulks and sealants.
Cereclor is sued as an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.
Cereclor is also used for anti-sticking of glutinous rice paper production abroad, the dosage is 6g / kg.
In addition, Cereclor is also widely used in moisture-proof, anti-stick and oil-proof of food packaging materials.
Cereclor is suitable for food chewing gum, bubble gum and pharmaceutical gold oil and other components as well as heat carrier, demolding, tableting, polishing and other waxes that directly contact food and drugs Method).
Cereclor is used as secondary compound plasticizers.
The largest application for Cereclor is as a plasticiser, generally in conjunction with primary lasticisers such as certain phthalates in flexible PVC.
The use of Cereclor in PVC imparts a number of technical benefits, of which the most significant is the enhancement of flame-retardant properties.
This is particularly of benefit in PVC flooring and cables.
Cereclor is also used as plasticisers in paint, sealants and adhesives where the main advantages over alternatives are their inertness and the enhancement of flame-retardant properties.
Higher Chlorine content grades are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems, where Cereclor is often used in preference to phosphate and bromine-based additives.
Cereclor is generally used as plasticizer in manufacturing.
Cereclor is used PVC compounds for Wires and Cables, Foot wear and Toys.
Cereclor is used PVC Tubing pipes used for irrigation, gardening and other industrial works.
Cereclor is used PVC flooring, film & sheets, PVC resin, clothe coating and lubricants.
Cereclor is used Rubber products like V belts.
Cereclor is used as flame retardant for impregnating textiles & fabric of all kinds.
Cereclor is used to find applications in paint industries for the manufacturing of fireproof paints.
Cereclor has also found application in adhesives, sealants, and caulks and are used in the automotive and metalworking industries as lubricants for wide range of machining and engineering operations.
Cereclor acts as an Extreme Pressure Additive for Lubricants and Metal Working Fluids.
The main application for Cereclor is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Cereclor releases a substantial amount of HCI.
In Cereclor’s condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
In its vapor phase, Cereclor can function as a flame poison.
Cereclor is used adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluid, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholstery furniture, flooring
Cereclor is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications Cereclor can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Cereclor is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Cereclor is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Cereclor is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.
Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents, and Paints, Cereclor can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Cereclor is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Cereclor is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Cereclor is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Cereclor is also used in caulks and sealants.
Cereclor is used as an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.
Cereclor formulations are used in a wide range of industrial applications including flame retardants and plasticisers.
Cereclor functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Cereclor is used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent low inflammability of PVC would be impaired by primary plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate).
Cereclor is used on a large scale as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industry, precision engineering industry and in machinery construction.
Cereclor is used as additives to paints, coatings and sealants, Cereclors improve resistance to water and chemicals.
Systems of this kind of Cereclor are especially suitable for marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints.
The flame-retarding properties of highly Cereclor are important for their use in plastics, fabrics, paints, and coatings.
Cereclor is also used with decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide in polyester fabrics for tents.
Approximately 50% of the Cereclor consumed in the USA is used as extreme-pressure lubricant additives in the metal working industry.
Cereclor is used in plastics, fire-retardant and water-repellent fabric treatments, and in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants.
In contrast, 50% of the Cereclor consumed in western Europe is as secondary plasticizers in PVC and other plastics.
The Cereclors most frequently used as plasticizers for plastics are those with a medium chain length (C14–17), with chlorine contents between 45 and 52% (40 and 50%; Zitko, 1974).
C10–13 or C>20 paraffins are also used, depending on the PVC or plastics type.
C10–13 Cereclors are suitable for water- and chemical-resistant, low-inflammability and abrasion-resistant paints, either as plasticizer or as a constituent of the binder.
Special medium-chain length C14–17 grades are used for sealants.
Cereclor grades with good solubility in mineral oils (C10–17) and chlorine contents of 40–60% are preferred for use as extreme-pressure additives to metal machining fluids, pastes, emulsions and lubricants.
For flame-retardant applications, Cereclors with approximately 70% chlorine are used; the chain length depends on the substrate: C10–13 for rubber and soft plastics and C18–30 for rigid plastics such as polyesters and polystyrene.
Cereclors (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
Cereclor wax is used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.).
Cereclor wax is also applied as one component in oiling compositions in leather industry.
Well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
The chlorination degree of Cereclors can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
As the chlorination degree of the Cereclors can vary there are different applications.
The main uses of Cereclor, however, are as a plasticizer in plastics and coatings, as binders in varnishes, as an additive in joint sealants, in metal processing, in fat liquors for leather and fur goods and as a flame retardant in plastics, rubber, paper and textiles.
Cereclor is a chemical manufactured by chlorination of liquid n-paraffin or paraffin wax.
The largest application for Cereclor is as a plasticizer and flame-retardant in flexible PVC.
Cereclor is also used as a plasticizer in paint, sealants, and adhesives.
Higher chlorine content grades of Cereclor are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Another major outlet for Cereclor is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where it has long been recognised as one of the most effective additives that can be used in a wide range of engineering areas.
Cereclor is used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.), as a component in oiling compositions in leather industry.
Cereclor is well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
Cereclors may also be used in products such as paints, sealants, rubber and elastomers.
Cereclors are used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and high pressure lubricating oils, as a plasticizer and in some cases as flame retardants in various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
Based on the most recent data available, Cereclors are not manufactured commercially, but are imported into Canada.
Cereclor is used as a secondary plasticizer and flame retardant in:
PVC Compounds
Cables
Flexible CPVC Pipes
Footwear
Flooring
Films
Artificial Leather
Paints
Adhesives
Industrial applications:
Production of Cereclor for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 Cereclor formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.
Acts as Flame retardant:
Since Cereclor is resistant to flame and bears a low cost, they are used in the manufacturing of upholstered furniture, rubbers, plastics, adhesives and any other areas where fire-resistant properties are needed.
Imparts Low-temperature flexibility:
Cereclor encompasses low temperature flexibility, which is the reason why these chemical compounds are also added to products such as flooring material, wire and cable insulation, garden hose and plastic, where high flexibility is needed.
Chemical Resistance:
With it being resistant to both water and fire, Cereclor has an application in the manufacturing of all types of paints, coatings, and sealants.
These paints and sealants are often used in traffic markers and marine equipment.
Stain Resistance:
Wherever there is a need for certain aesthetics like flooring, wall covering, and upholstery, Cereclor is favored for use.
In comparison, use of sulfur additives can stain metals and cause rancidity.
Stain resistance uses:
Cereclor uses are vast with most demand by industries due to its other characteristic which is stain resistant.
This is a very important factor for the Cereclor uses where aesthetics plays a major role such as flooring, wall coverings, and upholstery.
Along with this, sulfurized additives can stain metals and cause rancidity.
Low- temperature flexibility:
In comparison to other plasticizers, Cereclor uses ensures great flexibility at a lower temperature.
So, with these characteristics, Cereclor uses to enhance the manufacture of products that require high flexibility, especially in cold weather such as flooring, wire, cable insulation, and garden hose.
For the production of plastics, the chlorinated plasticizer is added to increase the elasticity such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
Resistant to water and chemicals uses:
Cereclor is highly resistant to water and chemicals.
With this advantage, Cereclor is added to paints, sealants, and coatings.
Cereclor is especially used in paints for traffic markings and marine applications such as swimming pools, vessel manufacturing, and industrial flooring.
Plastisol viscosity stability uses:
Cereclor provides viscosity stability to plastisol.
This is especially critical and effective in the manufacturing of PVC plastisol, to maintain Cereclor’s viscosity stability for an extended period of time.
This is beneficial usually during the dip and rotational molding.
Major applications:
Cereclor is generally used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of:
Flame retardant for textiles and all kinds of fabrics
Fire-proof Paints, flooring, films, sheets, lubricants, coatings
Sealants and adhesives
Rubber products such as V-belts
Cooling
Lubricant in metal cutting or forming
PVC tubing tubes for gardening, irrigation, and other industrial work
Cereclor-based PVC is used as garden pipe raw material
Benefits of Cereclor:
Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications.
Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers.
Improved resistance to both water and chemicals.
Improved stain resistance.
Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding.
Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts.
The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, Cereclor can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation.
Other Benefits:
Fire resistant
Resistant to water-based detergent extraction
Stain resistance
Low- temperature flexibility
Resistant to water and chemicals
Plastisol viscosity stability
Production of Cereclor:
Cereclors produced by reaction of ramified paraffin varians and chlorine gas.
Cereclor is found as mixed with trading product.
Complete discomposition is not possible through standard chemical analysis methods.
Cereclors are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.
Cereclors are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light).
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Cereclor is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Cereclor is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world’s production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Cereclors were produced in 2007.
Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.
Cereclors have been produced commercially since the 1930s.
These mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes are produced by reacting normal paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation with gaseous chlorine exothermically at 80–120°C in the liquid phase.
Ultraviolet light is often used to promote chlorination, particularly at higher chlorine levels.
The linings of the reactor vessels must be inert to avoid the formation of metal chlorides, which cause darkening of the product by decomposition.
Production of resinous Cereclors (70% chlorine content) requires the use of a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride during chlorination.
Additional procedures include solvent stripping and grinding of the products as necessary.
Approximately 45 000 tonnes of Cereclors were produced in the USA in 1987.
In 1985, 95 000 tonnes were produced in western Europe (SRI International, 1986) and more than 300 000 tonnes worldwide.
Cereclors are produced in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, China, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the German Democratic Republic, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, South Africa, Taiwan, the UK, the USA and the USSR.
Experimental Properties of Cereclor:
Cereclors that have been manufactured from pure n-paraffins are generally unreactive and stable during storage at normal temperatures.
Depending on their chain length and degree of chlorination, Cereclors are colourless or yellowish, mobile to highly viscous liquids or waxy to glassy solidified substances.
Cereclors are practically insoluble in water, although they can form emulsions and/or suspensions
Substituents of Cereclor:
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organochloride
Alkyl halide
Alkyl chloride
Aliphatic acyclic compound
Handling and Storage of Cereclor:
Handling:
Precautions:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors.
Procedures:
Handle in well-ventilated areas.
Avoid creating dust or mist.
Minimize exposure to high temperatures and open flames, as Cereclors can be sensitive to heat.
Compatibility:
Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Storage:
Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from sources of heat, sparks, and open flames.
Store in tightly closed containers to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Containers:
Use containers made from materials that are resistant to chemical degradation.
Ensure that containers are properly labeled and sealed.
Segregation:
Store separately from incompatible substances such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.
Ensure that storage areas are clearly labeled and access is restricted to trained personnel.
Stability and Reactivity of Cereclor:
Stability:
Chemical Stability:
Cereclors are generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
However, they may decompose under extreme temperatures or exposure to certain chemicals.
Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid exposure to high temperatures, open flames, and direct sunlight.
Do not expose to strong acids, bases, or oxidizing agents.
Reactivity:
Reactivity with Water:
Cereclors are typically stable in the presence of water.
However, in the presence of moisture, they may hydrolyze to form hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Reactivity with Other Chemicals:
They may react with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Reactions with these substances can produce toxic fumes and hazardous by-products.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
When decomposed by heat or other extreme conditions, Cereclors can release toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) and other chlorinated compounds.
Ensure adequate ventilation and use proper PPE to avoid inhaling these fumes.
First Aid Measures of Cereclor:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or if breathing difficulties occur.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with soap and water thoroughly.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information on the substance ingested.
Fire Fighting Measures of Cereclor:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) extinguishers.
Water spray can be used to cool containers but is not suitable for extinguishing the fire directly.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
Do not use direct water jets as they may spread the fire.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Use water fog to cool fire-exposed containers and prevent the release of hazardous fumes.
Hazards from Combustion Products:
Cereclors can produce toxic fumes, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and other chlorinated compounds.
Ensure adequate ventilation and avoid inhaling smoke or fumes.
Accidental Release Measures of Cereclor:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection.
Avoid direct contact with the material and prevent inhalation of vapors or dust.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the material from entering waterways, sewers, or soil. Contain the spill to avoid environmental contamination.
Spill Cleanup:
For Small Spills:
Absorb the material with an inert absorbent (e.g., sand, vermiculite).
Collect and place the absorbent material in an appropriate waste disposal container.
For Large Spills:
Contain the spill using barriers or dikes.
Transfer the collected material to suitable waste containers for disposal.
Clean the affected area with appropriate cleaning agents and ensure proper ventilation.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Cereclor:
Engineering Controls:
Ensure proper ventilation in areas where Cereclors are handled to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Personal Protective Equipment:
Respiratory Protection:
Use a NIOSH-approved respirator if there is a risk of inhaling vapors or dust.
Gloves:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves, such as those made from nitrile or neoprene.
Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or face shields to protect eyes from splashes or dust.
Clothing:
Wear protective clothing to prevent skin contact, including lab coats or coveralls.
Ensure that clothing is resistant to chemicals.
Hygiene Measures:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Cereclors are handled.
Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling the material.
Identifiers of Cereclor:
CAS Number: 63449-39-8
EC Number: 264-150-0
PubChem CID: 22311
RTECS Number: CZ1580000
UN Number: UN 3082
Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₈Cl₈
IUPAC Name: Chlorinated n-alkanes
Beilstein Number: 1613880
SMILES Notation: C(C(Cl)(Cl)C)(C(Cl)(Cl)C)(C(Cl)(Cl)C)C (for a specific structure of Cereclor, but this varies based on chlorine content and carbon chain length)
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H28Cl8/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21/h1-14H2
HS Code: 3814.00
EINECS Number: 262-304-8
CAS NUMBER: 63449-39-8
EC NUMBER: 264-150-0
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C24H44Cl6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 545.3
IUPAC NAME: 4,8,11,14,17,21-hexachlorotetracosane
Properties of Cereclor:
Molecular Weight: 545.3
XLogP3-AA: 11
Exact Mass: 544.154467
Monoisotopic Mass: 542.157418
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Color: Light yellow to amber
Form: oily liquid
Odor: Usually odorless
Flash Point: 450 °F
Boiling Point: 413-508℃
Density: 1.387 g/mL
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.525
Solubility in tetrahydrofuran: 0.1 g/mL
LogP: 5.88-12.83
Chemical Classes: UVCB
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Complexity: 334
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 6
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Cereclor:
Appearance: Clear to yellowish liquid or solid.
Chlorine Content: Typically ranges from 30% to 70% by weight, depending on the grade.
Kinematic Viscosity: Can range from 20 to 1000 cSt at 40°C, depending on the specific type and formulation.
Density: Approximately 1.2 to 1.3 g/cm³ at 25°C.
Flash Point: Typically above 150°C (302°F), but this can vary.
Melting Point: For solid forms, it generally ranges from 40°C to 60°C.
Boiling Point: Depends on the degree of chlorination; generally, it is above 250°C (482°F).
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Acidity: Usually neutral or slightly acidic.
Viscosity Index (for liquids): Can vary based on chlorination level and formulation.
Purity: Minimum purity of 90% for industrial grades.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Typically < 1 ppm, depending on the purification process.