COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), is a common salt of copper.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate appears as blue crystalline granules or powder.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus.
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
EC Number: 616-477-9
Chemical Formula: CuSO4·5H2O
Molecular Weight: 249.69
Synonyms: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, 7758-99-8, Copper sulfate pentahydrate, Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, Blue vitriol, Calcanthite, Copper(2+) sulfate pentahydrate, Copper (II) Sulfate pentahydrate, Bluestone, Triangle, Vencedor, Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate, Blue Copperas, Blue Vicking, Salzburg vitriol, Blue copper AS, copper;sulfate;pentahydrate, Caswell No. 256, Kupfervitriol, Kupfervitriol [German], Cupric Sulfate [USP], Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1) pentahydrate, CuSO4.5H2O, copper sulphate pentahydrate, Copper sulfate, pentahydrate, CuSO4(H2O)5, CCRIS 5556, HSDB 2968, Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat, Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat [German], Copper sulfate (CuSO4) pentahydrate, copper sulphate(5.H2O), UNII-LRX7AJ16DT, MFCD00149681, LRX7AJ16DT, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 024401, Sentry AQ mardel coppersafe, Cupric sulfate (pentahydrate), copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt, pentahydrate, copper (2+) sulfate pentahydrate, copper(2+) sulfate–water (1/5), Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate, Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate, Cupric sulfate (USP), COPPERFINE-ZINC, Cupric sulfate (TN), NATURAL CHALCANTHITE, Cupric sulphate pentahydrate, copper sulfate-penta hydrate, Copper(II)sulfatepentahydrate, copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate, COPPER SULFATE [VANDF], copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate, copper(II)sulphate-pentahydrate, CUPRIC SULFATE [VANDF], copper(11) sulfate pentahydrate, DTXSID9031066, Cu.H2-O4-S.5H2-O, CUPRUM SULPHURICUM [HPUS], copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, copper(2+) sulfate, pentahydrate, JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L, Copper (II) sulfate, pentahydrate, CUPRIC SULFATE [ORANGE BOOK], AKOS025243248, LS-1724, CUPRIC SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [MI], COPPER(2+) SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE, COPPER (AS CUPRIC SULFATE) [VANDF], COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [WHO-DD], FT-0624051, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, ACS reagent, D03613, COPPER(2+) SULPHATE (1:1) PENTAHYDRATE, COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH], Q6135414, Sulfuric acid copper(2) salt (1:1), pentahydrate, SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT, PENTAHYDRATE, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (99.999%-Cu) PURATREM, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, Trace metals grade, 99.995%, SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT (1:1), PENTAHYDRATE, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate [Wiki], 231-847-6 [EINECS], 7758-99-8 [RN], Copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper sulphate pentahydrate, copper(2+) sulfate (1:1) pentahydrate, Copper(2+) sulfate hydrate (1:1:5) [ACD/IUPAC Name], copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate, copper(ii) sulphate pentahydrate, Kupfer(2+)sulfathydrat (1:1:5) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Sulfate de cuivre(2+), hydrate (1:1:5) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate, bakır sülfat pentahidrat [Turkish], Blue copper AS, Blue Copperas, Blue Vicking, Blue Vitriol, Calcanthite, Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, Copper sulfate, pentahydrate, copper sulphate(5.H2O), COPPER(2+) ION PENTAHYDRATE SULFATE, copper(2+) sulfate pentahydrate, COPPER(2+) SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE, coppersulfatepentahydrate, Cupric sulfate [USP], cupric sulfate pentahydrate, CUPRIC SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE, CuSO4.5H2O, Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat [German], Kupfervitriol [German], MFCD00149681 [MDL number], Roman vitriol, Salzburg vitriol, Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt, pentahydrate, Sulfuric acid, copper(II) salt (1:1) pentahydrate, Vencedor
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is known as blue vitriol.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is an odorless blue crystal that readily dissolves in water.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is also soluble in methanol, glycerol and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is highly toxic, non-combustible has a nauseating metallic taste and turns white when dehydrated.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is structurally, in the pentahydrate molecule, each copper(II) ions is surrounded by four water molecules in the corners and the fifth water molecule is attached by hydrogen bonding.
Copper (II) sulphate has many applications including preparation of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide preparation.
Electroplating, timber preservation and textile industry use copper (II) sulphate.
Copper(II) sulphate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.
The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulphate.
Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is a light grey powder.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate appears as blue crystalline granules or powder.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is melting point 110 °C (with decomposition).
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is non-combustible.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is nauseating metallic taste.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is odorless.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is white when dehydrated.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is the pentahydrate of copper(2+) sulphate.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a bright blue crystalline solid.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a hydrate and a metal sulphate.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate contains a copper(II) sulphate.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a sulphate salt of copper.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a common salt of copper.
Copper sulphate is a bright blue, odourless crystalline solid which is soluble in water.
The archaic name for copper(II) sulphate is “blue vitriol” or “bluestone”.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate has numerous applications including as an ingredient in fungicides, algaecides, and pesticides; laboratory analytical reagent, for zinc etching and as a mordant.
Several chemical tests utilize copper sulphate as an indicator.
In a flame test Copper sulphate pentahydrate copper ions emit a deep blue-green light.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in Fehlings solution and Benedicts solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulphate to insoluble red copper oxide.
Copper(II) sulphate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.
Copper sulphate is a commonly included chemical in children’s chemistry sets and is often used in high school crystal growing and copper plating experiments.
However due to Copper sulphate pentahydrate toxicity, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is not recommended for small children and should always be supervised.
Copper sulphate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in school chemistry courses to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulphate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Copper sulphate pentahydrate turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining Copper sulphate pentahydrate blue colour.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be used to plate metals with copper.
Before melting Copper sulphate pentahydrate gets decomposed.
At first Copper sulphate pentahydrate loses two molecules of water at a temperature of 63oC and after that two more at 109oC and finally the last water molecule at 220oC.
At a temperature of 650 oC, copper(II) sulphate gets decomposed into copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulphur trioxide (SO3).
Copper sulphate is blue in color due to the presence of water of hydration.
If Copper Sulphate is heated in an open flame, the crystals get dehydrated and turn greyish-white
Copper sulphate pentahydrate finds use in agriculture as a fungicide.
Mixed with lime Copper sulphate pentahydrate is called Bordeaux mixture, which is used to control fungus on plant leaves, grapes and other berries.
Normally Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a 1% solution (100g copper sulphate & 100g Lime per 10 litres of water)
Copper sulphate pentahydrate use as a herbicide is not agricultural, but instead for control of invasive exotic aquatic plants and the roots of other invasive plants near various pipes that contain water.
A very dilute solution of copper sulphate is used to treat aquarium fish of various parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums.
However, as the copper ions are also highly toxic to the fish, care must be taken with the dosage.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulphate.
Copper sulphate is found in Moss removal products.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is an effective algaecide and fungicide.
The chemical formula for Copper sulphate Pentahydrate is CuSO4·5H2O.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate CAS is 7758-98-8.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is highly toxic, non-combustible, odorless blue crystalline powder has a nauseating metallic taste and turns white when dehydrated.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.
Skin contact can cause first-degree burns on short exposure, with second-degree burns from prolonged exposure.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is soluble in methanol but insoluble in ethanol.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate readily forms soluble alkaline complexes at sufficiently high concentrations of amines or alkali cyanides.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is most easily prepared by the reaction of basic copper (II) compound with a sulfuric acid solution.
Copper metal, sulfuric acid and air are the most common starting materials for the production of the inorganic compound.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is primarily used as a fungicide.
However, some fungi are capable of adapting to elevated levels of copper ions.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a salt created by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid.
This forms as large, bright blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4∙5H2O) and is also known as blue vitriol.
The anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 150 °C (300 °F).
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive.
Some of Copper sulphate pentahydrate secondary uses are as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, as a reagent in analytic chemistry, as an electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medical practice as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent.
Copper is an essential trace element and an important catalyst for heme synthesis and iron absorption.
After zinc and iron, copper is the third most abundant trace element found in the human body.
Copper is a noble metal and Copper sulphate pentahydrate properties include high thermal and electrical conductivity, low corrosion, alloying ability, and malleability.
Copper is a component of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) and the release of copper is necessary for their important contraceptive effects.
The average daily intake of copper in the USA is approximately 1 mg Cu with the diet being a primary source.
Interestingly, the dysregulation of copper has been studied with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Data from clinical observations of the neurotoxic effects of copper may provide the basis for future treatments affecting copper and Copper sulphate pentahydrate homeostasis.
Copper(II) sulphate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.
The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulphate.
Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is a light grey powder.
Copper(II) sulphate Pentahydrate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulphates.
sulphate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.
Most metal sulphate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Copper(II) sulphate Pentahydrateis generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Upon heating at 63°C (145°F), two water molecules are followed by two more at 109°C (228°F) and the final water molecule at 200°C (392°F).
Dehydration continues with the breakdown of tetraacuopperin (2+), with two opposing aqua groups being a diacoper (2+) fragment.
The second dehydration stage occurs when the last two battery packs are lost.
Complete dehydration occurs when the unbound water molecule breaks down.
At 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper (II) sulphate decomposes into copper (II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ).
Copper sulphate, also known as bluestone, is a blue and odorless substance.
Copper sulphate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with oxides with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
Copper sulphate is often purchased for laboratory use.
Copper sulphate can also be produced by leaching of low-grade copper ore in the air; Settings are available to speed up the process.
Commercial copper sulphate is generally about 98% pure copper sulphate, and little water is saved.
Anhydrous Copper sulphate is 39.81 mass percent copper and 60.19 percent sulphate, and in Copper sulphate pentahydrate blue, aqueous form, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulphate (12.82% sulfur), and 36.06% water, by mass.
According to the use of large crystals (10-40 mm), small crystals (2-10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm) and wind-puffing powder (less than 0.15 mm), four shaped crystal sizes are provided.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is often used as a source of copper ions.
In inorganic chemistry, pure copper metal is typically prepared by heating the purest form of pure copper (CuO) with sulfur.
The sulfur breaks down into toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, while Copper sulphate pentahydrate becomes almost exclusively a single crystal composed of pure metallic copper.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is low cost and extracts the hydrated ion from water to produce hydrogen ions, which can then be conducted through an electrolytic cell to create an electrical current.
Below are some of the most common uses of copper sulphate pentahydrate:
In electroplating as an inhibitor:
In electroplating and cathodic protection, copper sulphate pentahydrate is often used as an inhibitor.
The reaction between copper ions and sodium sulfite ions forms a white or light-coloured fluid that prevents further reaction and is a property often considered advantageous.
However, this corrosion-inhibiting solution can only be used at certain temperatures and is not suitable for general use.
In water purification as a coagulant:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate has been said to be effective in the purification of potable water using electrolysis under certain conditions.
However, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is inferior to other methods of water purification in some cases.
Another example is the use of copper sulphate pentahydrate in the removal of arsenic from the water.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a solid powder that has been found to be effective in the complete removal of arsenate and arsenite.
In agriculture, as a pesticide and fungicide:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate can also be used to protect plants from fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, but Copper sulphate pentahydrate must be applied before an infestation occurs.
The application of copper compounds is one of the best control methods for this purpose, but copper compounds have been known to poison certain plants if they are present in large quantities.
In metal plating and electroplating as a solvent:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is often used in the production of copper, silver, and gold alloys as an effective copper salt and an electrolytic solution.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate was first used for direct plating for various applications in the late 19th century.
Copper compounds are often used in fungicidal spray solutions, etching solutions, electrolytic solutions, and other solutions to provide different properties to the alloy.
Copper compounds are also often used as fluxing agents or purification agents.
In the production of copper alloys, an alloy of copper, silver, and gold is prepared.
The mixture can only be prepared in this way at a very high temperature; the gases produced at such high temperatures are used for annealing the metal.
The completion of these alloys can only be done at certain temperatures.
In photography as a developing solution:
The first photographs were developed using silver chloride, which was eventually replaced by ammonium thiocyanate and then ammonium thiosulphate for safety reasons.
The use of copper sulphate pentahydrate was first recommended in 1844 by Coleman Sellers and Thomas Sutton but has never been extensively used.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is often used to develop films, plates, and papers.
In this process, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is mixed with the other ingredients necessary for the reaction and then poured over the object to be developed.
After a while, Copper sulphate pentahydrate begins to form crystals on top of the object so that Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be removed manually.
In pottery as a glaze:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate has been used as a glossing agent in the production of pottery and ceramics since Copper sulphate pentahydrate was industrialized in the 19th century.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate has also been used during the 19th and 20th centuries to produce metallized dishes in China and Japan.
This powder is often used to provide high gloss, transparency, and colour variations within these ceramics.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is easy to handle and is non-corrosive.
As a paint and pigment:
In the 19th century, copper sulphate pentahydrate was used as a permanent white pigment in paints, but Copper sulphate pentahydrate also produced Copper sulphate pentahydrate own characteristic blue-green colour.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate was also used as a pigment in paints in the late 1990s.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is highly volatile, which means that Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be stored safely.
However, this powder is usually not easy to handle and has high reactivity when noxious gases are present; therefore, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is usually not used with other pigments.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a very versatile compound with numerous commercial applications.
Some of these uses are very similar to those of copper sulphate anhydrous, but there is a difference between the two compounds in terms of their chemical reactions and the effects they produce.
Depending on their application, conditions may differ; this means that in some cases, copper sulphate pentahydrate may be better suited to certain applications than other compounds.
Usage areas of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in an additive for book binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites in printing.
As a water-resistant and disinfectant concrete admixture in the building.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a coloring component in works of art, particularly glasses and pottery.
Copper sulphate is used as a blue colored substance in the manufacture of fireworks.
In decoration, copper sulphate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate corrects copper deficiencies in soil and animals and promotes the growth of livestock.
In decoration, copper sulphate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
Some batteries, electrodes and wire contain copper sulphate.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in printing ink and hair dye and creates a green color in fireworks.
Usage In the Formulation of Plant Nutrition and Protection Products:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in the formulation of powder and liquid plant nutrition products.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is also used as an active ingredient in SC formulation of fungicide plant protection.
Active substances used in SC formulation do not dissolve in water and disperse as suspended solids.
But copper sulphate pentahydrate is a water-soluble raw material.
Therefore, Copper sulphate pentahydrate has a different process from other SC formulations.
Agriculture:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a trace element source to meet the copper requirement of plants.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as an active ingredient in formulations against some fungicidal diseases in plants.
In addition, burgundy slurry is prepared by mixing with calcium oxide.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll in plants and is found in the structure of many enzymes.
In agriculture, copper sulphate pentahydrate can be applied directly to the soil as fertilizer.
Feed Additive:
Copper takes part in the synthesis and activation of some enzymes in animals.
For balanced and healthy nutrition of animals, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a source of copper in mineral element mixture formulations
Industrial Applications of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
In the Mining Sector.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as an activator for siphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides in the flotation of some metal ores, in the re-activation of cyanide-pressed siphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides, and as a suppressant in the flotation of some silicate minerals.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used for feed additive and foot cleaning in livestock.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in swimming pools as an algae inhibitor.
A dilute solution of copper sulphate is used for the treatment of parasitic infections in aquarium fish as well as for killing snails in aquariums.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in the wood industry to protect wood, as a mordant in fabric dyeing, and as an antifenygicide and antidote to phosphorus in pharmaceutics.
Copper sulphate is used as a color additive in cement, metals and ceramics.
Uses of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a fungicide and algaecide.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is also used as a mordant in textile dyeing.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used to kill roots invading septic tanks.
As a fungicide and herbicide:
Copper sulphate has been used for control of algae in lakes and related fresh waters subject to eutrophication.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate “remains the most effective algicidal treatment”.
Bordeaux mixture, a suspension of copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulphate and a suspension of slaked lime.
A dilute solution of copper sulphate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes.
Copper ions are highly toxic to fish.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulphate.
Analytical reagent:
Several chemical tests utilize copper sulphate.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used in Fehling’s solution and Benedict’s solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulphate to insoluble red copper(I) oxide.
Copper(II) sulphate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.
Copper sulphate is used to test blood for anemia.
The blood is dropped into a solution of copper sulphate of known specific gravity—blood with sufficient hemoglobin sinks rapidly due to Copper sulphate pentahydrate density, whereas blood which sinks slowly or not at all has an insufficient amount of hemoglobin.
Clinically relevant, however, modern laboratories utilize automated blood analyzers for accurate quantitative hemoglobin determinations, as opposed to older qualitative means.
In a flame test, the copper ions of copper sulphate emit a deep green light, a much deeper green than the flame test for barium.
Organic synthesis:
Copper sulphate is employed at a limited level in organic synthesis.
The anhydrous salt is used as a dehydrating agent for forming and manipulating acetal groups.
The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols.
Rayon production:
Reaction with ammonium hydroxide yields tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate or Schweizer’s reagent which was used to dissolve cellulose in the industrial production of Rayon.
Niche uses:
Copper(II) sulphate has attracted many niche applications over the centuries. In industry copper sulphate has multiple applications.
In printing Copper sulphate pentahydrate is an additive to book-binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as an additive to concrete to improve water resistance and discourage anything from growing on it. Copper sulphate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries.
Copper sulphate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but Copper sulphate pentahydrate is not safe to mix copper sulphate with chlorates when mixing firework powders.
Lowering a copper etching plate into the copper sulphate solution:
Copper sulphate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites.
Copper sulphate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries.
Art:
In 2008, the artist Roger Hiorns filled an abandoned waterproofed council flat in London with 75,000 liters of copper(II) sulphate water solution.
The solution was left to crystallize for several weeks before the flat was drained, leaving crystal-covered walls, floors and ceilings.
The work is titled Seizure.
Since 2011, Copper sulphate pentahydrate has been on exhibition at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park,
Etching:
Copper(II) sulphate is used to etch zinc, aluminium, or copper plates for intaglio printmaking.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is also used to etch designs into copper for jewelry, such as for Champlevé.
Dyeing:
Copper(II) sulphate can be used as a mordant in vegetable dyeing.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate often highlights the green tints of the specific dyes.
Electronics:
An aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate is often used as the resistive element in liquid resistors.
In electronic and microelectronic industry a bath of CuSO4·5H2O and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is often used for electrodeposition of copper.
Other forms of copper sulphate:
Anhydrous copper(II) sulphate can be produced by dehydration of the commonly available pentahydrate copper sulphate.
In nature, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is found as the very rare mineral known as chalcocyanite.
The pentahydrate also occurs in nature as chalcanthite.
Other rare copper sulphate minerals include bonattite (trihydrate), boothite (heptahydrate), and the monohydrate compound poitevinite.
There are numerous other, more complex, copper(II) sulphate minerals known, with environmentally important basic copper(II) sulphates like langite and posnjakite.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Glass Manufacturing
Activities with risk of exposure:
Glassblowing
Textile arts
Applying metallic patinas
Chemical Class and Type:
Copper sulphate is an algaecide, bactericide, and fungicide.
When Copper sulphate pentahydrate is mixed with calcium hydroxide Copper sulphate pentahydrate is known as Bordeaux mixture.
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name for this active ingredient is copper (2+) sulphate or copper (II) sulphate.
Other names include copper (2+) tretraoxidosulphate or copper (II) tretraoxidosulphate.
Formulations include basic copper sulphate, copper sulphate monohydrate, copper sulphate pentahydrate, and copper sulphate anhydrous.
Their Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers are 1344-73-6, 1332-14-5, 7758-99-8, and 7758- 98-7, respectively.
Pesticides containing copper sulphate monohydrate and/or copper sulphate anhydrous have been canceled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
Copper sulphate has been used in the United States since the 1700s, and Copper sulphate pentahydrate was first registered for use in the United States in 1956.
The U.S. EPA completed the reregistration of copper sulphate in 2009.
Copper sulphate is an inorganic salt that is highly soluble in water.
The copper ion is the component of copper sulphate with toxicological implications.
Copper is an essential mineral, and the recommended dietary allowance of copper for human adults has been set at 900 µg/day.
Copper is also a ubiquitous element.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be found in the environment and in foods and water.
Preparation and Occurrence of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper sulphate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or copper oxides with dilute sulfuric acid.
For laboratory use, copper sulphate is usually purchased.
Copper sulphate can also be produced by slowly leaching low-grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.
Commercial copper sulphate is usually about 98% pure copper sulphate, and may contain traces of water.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is 39.81% copper and 60.19% sulphate by mass, and in Copper sulphate pentahydrate blue, hydrous form, Copper sulphate pentahydrate is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulphate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass.
Four types of crystal size are provided based on Copper sulphate pentahydrate usage:
Large crystals (10–40 mm), small crystals (2–10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).
Manufacturing Methods of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Action of dilute sulfuric acid on copper or copper oxide (often as oxide ores) in large quantities, with evaporation and crystallization.
Copper + sulphuric acid (salt formation); byproduct of copper electrolysis and etching process (product is generally only suitable for agricultural purposes)
Prepared most easily by the reaction of basic copper(II) compound with a sulfuric acid solution (100-200 g/l sulfuric acid); and copper metal, sulfuric acid and air the most common starting materials for the production of copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Copper(II) sulphate can be prepared by dissolution of oxides, carbonates, or hydroxides in sulfuric acid solutions.
Whereas copper metal does not displace hydrogen from acid solution, aeration or oxygenation of hot dilute aqueous sulfuric acid in the presence of copper metal is a commonly used commercial method for copper sulphate preparation.
Chemical Properties of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F).
The chemistry of aqueous copper sulphate is simply that of copper aquo complex, since the sulphate is not bound to copper in such solutions.
Thus, such solutions react with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give tetrachlorocuprate(II):
Cu2+ + 4 Cl− → [CuCl4]2−
Similarly treatment of such solutions with zinc gives metallic copper, as described by this simplified equation:
CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
A further illustration of such single metal replacement reactions occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulphate:
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
In high school and general chemistry education, copper sulphate is used as an electrolyte for galvanic cells, usually as a cathode solution.
For example, in a zinc/copper cell, copper ion in copper sulphate solution absorbs electron from zinc and forms metallic copper.
Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu (cathode), E°cell = 0.34 V
Copper sulphate is commonly included in teenager chemistry sets and undergraduate experiments.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is often used to grow crystals in schools and in copper plating experiments, despite Copper sulphate pentahydrate toxicity.
Copper sulphate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.
Copper sulphate pentahydrate is used to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulphate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Copper sulphate pentahydrate turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining Copper sulphate pentahydrate blue color.
Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper(II) sulphate, which is hygroscopic.
Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
MeSH Pharmacological Classification:
Antidotes:
Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
Emetics:
Agents that cause vomiting.
They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
Handling and Storage of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Nonfire Spill Response:
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.
Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store Copper sulphate pentahydrate under ambient conditions and protect Copper sulphate pentahydrate from moisture.
Reactivity Profile of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be dehydrated by heating.
Serves as a weak oxidizing agent.
Causes hydroxylamine to ignite.
Gains water readily.
The hydrated salt is vigorously reduced by hydroxylamine.
Both forms are incompatible with finely powdered metals.
Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene gas, hydrazine, or nitromethane, and may react with beta-naphthol, propylene glycol, sulphathiazole and triethanolamine if the pH exceeds 7.
Both act as acidic salts, corrode metals and irritate tissues.
First Aid Measures of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim’s eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim’s eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION:
Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic).
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them.
Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting.
Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician’s care.
If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim’s airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
Fire Fighting of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Fires involving Copper sulphate pentahydrate can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
Fire Fighting Procedures:
If material involved in fire:
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty).
Accidental Release Measures of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Isolation and Evacuation:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Spillage Disposal:
Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Cleanup Methods:
Environmental concerns – land spill:
Dig a pit, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.
Environmental concerns – water spill:
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7).
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Add slowly to a large container of water.
Stir in slight excess of soda ash.
Let stand for 24 hr.
Decant or siphon into another container & neutralize with 6 molar hydrochloric acid before washing down drain with large excess of water.
The sludge may be added to landfill.
Preventive Measures of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Personnel protection:
Keep upwind.
Avoid breathing vapors or dusts.
Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
If material not involved in fire:
Keep material out of water sources & sewers.
Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Copper sulphate pentahydrate, but also on factors including the form of Copper sulphate pentahydrate, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.
In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area.
Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to Copper sulphate pentahydrate point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
Identfiers of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
CAS Number:
7758-98-7 (anhydrous)
7758-99-8 (pentahydrate)
16448-28-5 (trihydrate)
19086-18-1 (heptahydrate)
ChEBI: CHEBI:23414
ChEMBL: ChEMBL604
ChemSpider: 22870
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.952
EC Number: 231-847-6
Gmelin Reference: 8294
KEGG: C18713
PubChem CID: 24462
RTECS number:
GL8800000 (anhydrous)
GL8900000 (pentahydrate)
UNII: KUW2Q3U1VV (anhydrous)
LRX7AJ16DT (pentahydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6034479
InChI: InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
Key: ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
Key: ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-NUQVWONBAI
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]
Linear Formula: CuSO4 • 5H2O
MDL Number: MFCD00149681
EC No.: 231-847-6
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24463
IUPAC Name: copper; sulphate; pentahydrate
SMILES: O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S.5H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;;;;;/h;(H2,1,2,3,4);5*1H2/q+2;;;;;;/p-2
InchI Key: JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS number: 7758-99-8
EC index number: 029-004-00-0
EC number: 231-847-6
Grade: ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: CuO₄S * 5 H₂O
Chemical formula: CuSO₄ * 5 H₂O
Molar Mass: 249.68 g/mol
HS Code: 2833 25 00
Quality Level: MQ300
Linear Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
Molecular Weight: 249.69
EC Number: 231-847-6
Properties of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Chemical formula: CuSO4 (anhydrous)
CuSO4·5H2O (pentahydrate)
Molar mass: 159.60 g/mol (anhydrous)
249.685 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance: gray-white (anhydrous)
blue (pentahydrate)
Density: 3.60 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.286 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point: 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) decomposes
560 °C decomposes(pentahydrate)
Fully decomposes at 590 °C (anhydrous)
Boiling point: decomposes to cupric oxide at 650 °C
Solubility in water:
pentahydrate:
316 g/L (0 °C)
2033 g/L (100 °C)
anhydrous:
168 g/L (10 °C)
201 g/L (20 °C)
404 g/L (60 °C)
770 g/L (100 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): 1330·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.724–1.739 (anhydrous)
1.514–1.544 (pentahydrate)
Density: 2.284 g/cm3
Melting Point: 110 °C Not applicable
pH value: 3.5 – 4.5 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 317 g/l
Compound Formula: CuH10O9S
Molecular Weight: 249.685
Appearance: Blue crystals, lumps, or powder
Melting Point: 110 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.286 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 248.93415
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.93415
Molecular Weight: 249.69 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 248.934150 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.934150 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 93.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 7
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Assay (iodometric): 99.0 – 100.5 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.005 %
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Total nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.001 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.003 %
K (Potassium): ≤ 0.001 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.005 %
Ni (Nickel): ≤ 0.005 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.005 %
Zn (Zinc): ≤ 0.03 %
Structure of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (anhydrous, chalcocyanite), space group Pnma, oP24, a = 0.839 nm, b = 0.669 nm, c = 0.483 nm.
Triclinic (pentahydrate), space group P1, aP22, a = 0.5986 nm, b = 0.6141 nm, c = 1.0736 nm, α = 77.333°, β = 82.267°, γ = 72.567°
Thermochemistry of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Std molarentropy (S⦵298): 5 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298): −769.98 kJ/mol
Related compounds of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Other cations:
Iron(II) sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate
Nickel(II) sulfate
Zinc sulfate
Names of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Regulatory process names:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), hydrate (1:5)
Translated names:
Bakar sulfat pentahidrat (hr)
bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (hr)
Bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (sl)
bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (sl)
Copper sulphate pentahydrate (no)
Kobbersulfatpentahydrat (da)
kobbersulfatpentahydrat (da)
Kopersulfaat-pentahydraat (nl)
kopersulfaat-pentahydraat (nl)
Kopparsulfat pentahydrat (sv)
kopparsulfatpentahydrat (sv)
Kuparisulfaattipentahydraatti (fi)
kuparisulfaattipentahydraatti (fi)
Kupfersulfat-Pentahydrat (de)
Pentahydrat siarczanu miedzi (pl)
pentahydrat siarczanu miedzi (pl)
Pentahydrát síranu meďnatého (sk)
pentahydrát síranu meďnatého (sk)
Réz-szulfát-pentahidrát (hu)
réz-szulfát-pentahidrát (hu)
Solfato di rame pentaidrato (it)
solfato di rame pentaidrato (it)
sulfat de cupru pentahidrat (ro)
Sulfat de cupru pentahidratat (ro)
Sulfat tar-ram pentaidrat (mt)
sulfat tar-ram pentaidrat (mt)
Sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (fr)
sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (fr)
Sulfato de cobre penta-hidratado (pt)
Sulfato de cobre pentahidratado (es)
sulfato de cobre, penta-hidratado (pt)
Síran měďnatý, pentahydrát (cs)
síran měďnatý, pentahydrát (cs)
Vara sulfāta pentahidrāts (lv)
vara sulfāta pentahidrāts (lv)
Vario sulfato pentahidratas (lt)
vario sulfato pentahidratas (lt)
Vasksulfaat-pentahüdraat (et)
Vasksulfaatpentahüdraat (et)
Θειικός χαλκός, πενταένυδρος (el)
πενταένυδρος θειικός χαλκός (el)
Меден сулфат пентахидрат (bg)
меден сулфат пентахидрат (bg)
IUPAC names:
copper (2+) sulphate
Copper (II) sufate pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulfate pentahydrate
Copper Sulfate, Pentahydrate, Granular, FCC
Copper sulphate
COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Copper sulphate, pentahydrate
Copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate (1:1:5)
copper;sulfate;pentahydrate
Cu(2)-sulfate 5H2O
CUPRIC SULFATE
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate
Ferrous(II)sulfate pentahydrate
Kupfer(II)-sulfat pentahydrat
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), hydrate (1:5)
SULFURIC ACID COPPER(2+) SALT (1:1), PENTAHYDRATE
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Copper(II) sulfate
Other names:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulphate 5H2O
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Cupric sulphate
Blue vitriol (pentahydrate)
Bluestone (pentahydrate)
Bonattite (trihydrate mineral)
Boothite (heptahydrate mineral)
Chalcanthite (pentahydrate mineral)
Chalcocyanite (mineral)
Copper Sulphate pentahydrate
Other identifiers:
029-023-00-4
17829-58-2
7758-99-8