DICYANDIAMIDE
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.
Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.
CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08
Synonyms: Dicyandiamide, CYANOGUANIDINE, 461-58-5, Dicyanodiamide, 2-Cyanoguanidine, N-Cyanoguanidine, 1-Cyanoguanidine, Guanidine, cyano-, Pyroset DO, Dicyandiamido, Dicyandiamin, Epicure DICY 7, Epicure DICY 15, Araldite HT 986, Bakelite VE 2560, Araldite XB 2879B, Araldite XB 2979B, Dicy, ACR-H 3636, XB 2879B, Dicyandiamin [German], Guanidine-1-carbonitrile, NSC 2031, CCRIS 3478, Guanidine, N-cyano-, AI3-14632, HSDB 2126, EINECS 207-312-8, UNII-M9B1R0C16H, M9B1R0C16H, 3-cyanoguanidine, DTXSID1020354, Guanidine-15N3, cyano-15N-, NSC2031, NSC-2031, EC 207-312-8, DTXCID50354, cyano-guanidin, 157480-33-6, 26591-10-6, CAS-461-58-5, Metformin impurity A, MFCD00008066, Cyanoguanidene, Dicyanadiamide, Dicyanediamide, cyano-guanidine, guanidine, cyano, 1-cyano-guanidine, Cyanamide metabolite, Cyanoguanidine,(S), Dicyandiamide, 99%, Dyhard 100S, Guanidina, N-ciano-, Adeka EH 3636AS, Metformin EP Impurity A, Adeka EH 3636, DICYANODIAMIDE [MI], CYANOGUANIDINE [HSDB], NCN=C(NH2)2, CHEMBL3183942, CHEBI:147423, Tox21_201513, Tox21_302730, BBL009709, STL141074, STL483054, AKOS000118777, AKOS005208673, CCG-214839, J3.635H, NCGC00249058-01, NCGC00256355-01, NCGC00259063-01, BP-31003, LS-73392, CS-0015691, FT-0624736, EN300-21430, D78355, Q905401, W-106101, Dicyanodiamide (210 degrees C) Melting Point Standard, F0001-1248, METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], Z203045078, InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6, Cyanoguanidine, >=95.0% (HPLC), pharmaceutical impurity standard, Metformin impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 504-66-5 [RN], Cyanamide, cyano-, Cyanamide, N-cyano- [ACD/Index Name], Cyancyanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Cyanocyanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name], Cyanocyanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], dicyanamide, Dicyanimide, 207-998-9 [EINECS], Dicyanamid, DICYANOAMINE, Ditsianamid, EINECS 207-998-9, Imidodicarbonitrile, UNII:8G893R58P1, UNII-8G893R58P1
Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-Dicyandiamide.
The chemical is Dicyandiamide or Dicyandiamide dimer, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.
Dicyandiamide, the amide of normal cyanic acid, is a white crystal that melts at 45 °C.
Dicyandiamide is easily soluble in water, alcohol and diethyl ether.
Dicyandiamide is commercially prepared from limestone-derived carbonate by the carbide process or by desulfurization of thiourea in the presence of a catalyst (mercuric oxide).
Dicyandiamide is prepared with ammonia and cyanogen halides.
When Dicyandiamide is heated at 150°C, Dicyandiamide polymerizes to dicyandiamide and tricyantriamide to melamine.
Dicyanodiammonia, abbreviated as dicy or DCD.
Dicyandiamide is an organic substance with the chemical formula of c2h4n4.
Dicyandiamide is a dimer of Dicyandiamide and a cyano derivative of guanidine.
Soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
Dicyandiamide is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.
Dicyandiamide has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor.
Dicyandiamide is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.
The application of nitrification inhibitors has been used as a strategy to promote N utilization efficacy and reduce N2O emissions in paddy.
Dicyandiamide as a widely used nitrification inhibitor inhibits the activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria which results in longer ammonium retention and reduces the production of NO2 in soils.
Dicyandiamide efficacy was found to be related to Dicyandiamide concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, and organic matter content.
Studies have shown that leaching Dicyandiamide from agricultural soils into aquatic ecosystems can strongly change the community composition of benthic stream bacteria and algae and influence stream nutrient cycling stoichiometry.
Literature on the mechanisms and benefits of nitrification inhibitors is extensive but there are very few studies focused on the influence of Dicyandiamide application on other microbes in paddy system.
Dicyandiamide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum. Dicyandiamide is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. Dicyandiamide is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs. Dicyandiamide has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor. Dicyandiamide is a member of guanidines and a nitrile. Dicyandiamide is a nitrile derived from guanidine. Dicyandiamide is a dimer of Dicyandiamide, from which Dicyandiamide can be prepared. Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents. Dycyandiamide is used as an element of synthesis for production of plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and technical chemicals. Commonly known as dicyandiamide, the white crystalline compound is the dimer for Dicyandiamide or for Dicyandiamide. Dicyandiamide crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol. Other uses for Dicyandiamide are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs. Dicyandiamide (DICY or DCD), also known as 2-Dicyandiamide, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5. Dicyandiamide is produced from the polymerization of Dicyandiamide in the presence of a base. Dicyandiamide is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia. Dicyandiamide is partly soluble in hot water. Dicyandiamide is non-flammable. Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring. Another popular use of Dycyandiamide is a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries. Dicyandiamide can be used as a slow release fertilizer. Dycandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications. Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-Dicyandiamide. The chemical is the dimer of Dicyandiamide or 2-Dicyandiamide, which is mainly used in the production of melamine. Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives. Dicyandiamide is commonly used for the curing of epoxy resins. Dicyandiamide is a nitrification inhibitor that is said to be capable of reducing nitrate (NO3-) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pasture soils. Applications of Dicyandiamide: Dicyandiamide is used as a slow release fertilizer. In the adhesive industry, Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent for epoxies. Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries. Additional applications include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications. Dicyandiamide is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring. The big advantage of Dicyandiamide is that Dicyandiamide is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this Dicyandiamide is used in a wide variety of applications. The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin. Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years Dicyandiamide has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers. Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins. Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals. Dicyandiamide can be used as an organic precursor for synthesizing carbon nitride nanosheets. Dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries. Applications include: Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins Powder coatings Dielectric coatings Adhesives Water treatment chemicals Dye fixing Pharmaceutical applications Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring Floatation depressant in copper ores Fertilizer Applications: Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source. There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching. Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere. Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation. Dicyandiamide has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil. This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways. Uses of Dicyandiamide: Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent (epoxy resins), flotation depressant (copper ores), intumescent paint ingredient, electrostatic powder coating ingredient, plasticizer (starch adhesives), fertilizer additive, nitrocellulose stabilizer, antioxidant (fats and oils), fire-proofing compound, case-hardening additive, cleaning and soldering compound, thinner for oil-well drilling muds, detergent stabilizer, and starch modifier. Dicyandiamide is also used in dye-stuffs and explosives. Dicyandiamide is a guanidine derivative used in the synthesis of barbiturates, Dicyandiamide is also used in the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine). In the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine). In the pharmaceutical industry (barbiturates, guanidine derivatives). Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of barbiturates. Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer of ammonium dinitramide melt. Dicyandiamide is used as hardener. Widespread uses by professional workers: Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and adhesives and sealants. Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development. Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles. Other release to the environment of Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Uses at industrial sites: Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: leather treatment products, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals. Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development. Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and chemicals. Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid. Industry Uses: Adhesives and sealant chemicals Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal) Bleaching agent Catalyst Dye Hardener Intermediate Intermediates Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Other (specify) Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Plasticizers Process regulators Processing aids, not otherwise listed Viscosity adjustors Consumer Uses: Adhesives and sealant chemicals Hardener Intermediate Intermediates Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Other (specify) Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Industrial Processes with risk of exposure: Heat Treating Petroleum Production and Refining Soldering Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) Plastic Composites Manufacturing Metal Extraction and Refining Usage Areas of Dicyandiamide: In the leather industry, the selective filler effect fills the hollow parts of the leather such as skirts. Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer making, fireproofing finishes, epoxy laminates, water treatment and rubber chemicals. Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives. Dicyandiamide is used as a curing material for epoxies in the adhesive industry. Dicyandiamide (an intermediate for the production of melamine and the main ingredient of amino plastics and resins. Slow and continuous nitrogen emission fertilizers, fire retardant agents, circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, paint fixation, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals. Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals, including epoxy laminates for Production and Use of Dicyandiamide: Dicyandiamide is produced by treating Dicyandiamide with base. Dicyandiamide is produced in soil by decomposition of Dicyandiamide. A variety of useful compounds are produced from 2-Dicyandiamide, guanidines and melamine. For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of Dicyandiamide with the nitrile: (H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3 Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer. Formerly, Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives. Dicyandiamide is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins. Chemistry of Dicyandiamide: Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached. Dicyandiamide can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens. Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the diDicyandiamide anion, [N(CN)2]−. Manufacturing Methods of Dicyandiamide: Prepared by controlled polymerization of Dicyandiamide in water in presence of ammonia, alkaline earth hydroxides, or other suitable bases. Dicyandiamide is manufactured by dimerization of Dicyandiamide in aqueous solution. The 25% Dicyandiamide solution produced is adjusted to pH 8-9 and held at approximately 80 °C for two hours to give complete conversion. The hot liquor is filtered and transferred to a vacuum crystallizer where Dicyandiamide is cooled. The crystals of Dicyandiamide are separated in continuous centrifuges and passed to rotary driers. General Manufacturing Information of Dicyandiamide: Industry Processing Sectors: Adhesive Manufacturing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Construction Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities Paint and Coating Manufacturing Paper Manufacturing Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing Plastics Product Manufacturing Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Wholesale and Retail Trade Wood Product Manufacturing Handling and Storage of Dicyandiamide: Handling: Wear personal protective equipment/face protection. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Avoid dust formation. Storage: Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Stability and Reactivity of Dicyandiamide: Reactive: Hazard None known, based on information available. Stability: Stable under normal conditions. Conditions to Avoid Incompatible products. Excess heat. Avoid dust formation. Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization does not occur. Hazardous Reactions: None under normal processing. First Aid Measures of Dicyandiamide: Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. Getmedical attention. Skin Contact: Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attentionimmediately if symptoms occur. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur. Ingestion: Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. Most important symptoms and effects: None reasonably foreseeable. Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically Fire Fighting Measures of Dicyandiamide: Suitable Extinguishing: Media Water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam. Accidental Release Measures of Dicyandiamide: Personal Precautions: Ensure adequate ventilation. Use personal protective equipment as required. Avoiddustformation. Environmental Precautions: Should not be released into the environment. Methods for Containment and Clean Up: Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal. Avoid dust formation. Identifiers of Dicyandiamide: Synonym(s): DCD, Dicyandiamide, Dicyanodiamide Linear Formula: NH2C(=NH)NHCN CAS Number: 461-58-5 Molecular Weight: 84.08 Beilstein: 605637 EC Number: 207-312-8 MDL number: MFCD00008066 PubChem Substance ID: 24894150 NACRES: NA.22 CAS: 461-58-5 Molecular Formula: C2H4N4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08 MDL Number: MFCD00008066 InChI Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N PubChem CID: 10005 SMILES: NC(N)=NC#N CAS Number: 461-58-5 ChEBI: CHEBI:147423 ChemSpider: 9611 ECHA InfoCard: 100.006.649 EC Number: 207-312-8 PubChem CID: 10005 RTECS number: ME9950000 UNII: M9B1R0C16H CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1020354 InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6) Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6) Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYAY SMILES: N#CNC(=N)N isomer: N#CN=C(N)N zwitterion: N#CNC(=[N-])[NH3+] Item Number: C0454 Purity / Method of Analysis: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4N4 = 84.08
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS No: 461-58-5
Reaxys Registry Number: 605637
PubChem Substance ID: 87565575
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2049
Merck Index (14): 3092
MDL Number: MFCD00008066
Properties of Dicyandiamide:
Chemical formula: C2H4N4
Molar mass: 84.08 g/mol
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 1.400 g/cm3
Melting point: 209.5 °C (409.1 °F; 482.6 K)
Boiling point: 252 °C (486 °F; 525 K)
Solubility in water: 41.3 g/l
log P: −0.52
Henry’s law
constant (kH): 2.25×10−10 atm·m3/mol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −44.55×10−6 cm3/mol
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: powder
mp: 208-211 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: NC(=N)NC#N
InChI: 1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
InChI key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
Purity(Nonaqueous Titration): min. 98.0%
Melting point: 209.0 to 213.0 °C
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 100
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Dicyandiamide:
Melting Point: 211 °C
Maximum Absorption Wavelength: 218 nm
Resolution in water: Slightly soluble
Degree of solubility in water: 41.3 g/l 25 °C
Solubility (soluble in): Dimethylformamide
Solubility (slightly sol. in): Ethanol
Solubility (soluble in): Benzene,Ether,Chloroform
Melting Point: 208.0°C to 211.0°C
Color: White
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99.5%
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Quantity: 2.5 kg
Fieser: 01,229
Merck Index: 15, 3103
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 32g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 38g/L in methanol (20°C)
IUPAC Name: 2-Dicyandiamide
Formula Weight: 84.08
Percent Purity: 99.5%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Dicyandiamide
Names of Dicyandiamide:
Regulatory process names:
1-Cyanoguanidine
ACR-H 3636
Araldite HT 986
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Bakelite VE 2560
Cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Dicyandiamide
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Dicyanodiamide
dicyanodiamide
Epicure DICY 15
Epicure DICY 7
Guanidine, cyano-
Guanidine, N-cyano-
N-Cyanoguanidine
Pyroset DO
XB 2879B
IUPAC names:
1- cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanguanidin
1-Cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
2-cyanoguanidine
CYANOGUANIDINE
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
Cynoguanidine
DICANDIAMIDE
dicyandiamid
Dicyandiamid
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
N-cyanoguanidine
N-methylguanidine
IUPAC name:
2-Cyanoguanidine
Trade names:
1-cyanoguanidin
DCD
Dicyandiamide
Dicyanodiamide
Didiin
DMPF
Other names:
Cyanoguanidine
dicyanodiamide
N-cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
guanidine-1-carbonitrile
dicyandiamin
Didin
DCD
Dicy
Other identifiers:
125148-58-5
139351-77-2
139351-78-3
1437797-89-1
1446334-90-2
157480-33-6
1610803-20-7
166432-96-8
187414-06-8
200818-58-2
205265-14-1
313058-80-9
461-58-5