TIN(IV) BUTOXIDE
TIN(IV) BUTOXIDE
Tin(IV) butoxide is a versatile catalyst that plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of unsaturated polyesters, coatings, and plasticizers, by promoting efficient polymerization and esterification reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), helping to prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation.
Tin(IV) butoxide is widely used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams, facilitating the reaction between polyols and isocyanates to produce foams with specific properties such as density, flexibility, and durability.
CAS Number: 2273-43-0
EC Number: 218-880-1
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2Sn
Molecular Weight: 208.83
Synonyms: 51590-67-1, Stannane, butyloxo-, BUTYLSTANNANONE, Tegokat 256, Eurecat 8200, EINECS 257-300-1, CCRIS 6318, mono butyl tin oxide, SCHEMBL195087, AKOS015918349, FT-0657367, A828673, Butylenestannonic Acid, Butyltinhydroxide-oxide, Butyltin(Iv) Hydroxide Oxide, Butylstannoic Acid, N-butylstannoic Acid, N-butyltin Hydroxide Oxide, N-butyltin Sesquioxide, 1-butanestannonicacid
Tin(IV) butoxide is a solid catalyst developed by TIB Chemicals, primarily utilized in esterification, transesterification, and polycondensation reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide is particularly effective in the production of unsaturated polyesters, offering high activity and remaining dissolved in the ester, which enhances the efficiency of the reaction process.
In the coatings industry, Tin(IV) butoxide serves as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyester resins, contributing to the production of high-quality paints and coatings.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s high activity ensures efficient polymerization, leading to improved product properties.
Additionally, Tin(IV) butoxide is employed in the production of plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA), where it facilitates the esterification of phthalic acid or adipic acid with alcohols.
This process results in the formation of plasticizers that enhance the flexibility and durability of various plastic products.
Overall, Tin(IV) butoxide is a versatile catalyst that plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of unsaturated polyesters, coatings, and plasticizers, by promoting efficient polymerization and esterification reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide is a chemical compound with the formula (C4H10)2SnO.
Tin(IV) butoxide helps prevent the degradation of PVC by heat and light, thereby increasing its lifespan.
Tin(IV) butoxide is hydrolytically stable and can be used in the synthesis of saturated polyester resins for powder coatings and coil coatings, as well in the production of unsaturated polyester resins for gel-coat, sheet molding, and cast molding applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide might be used also to produce polymeric plasticizers.
Tin(IV) butoxide has a molecular weight of 248.99 g/mol and a melting point of approximately 45-50°C.
Tin(IV) butoxide is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and acetone.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be synthesized through the reaction of butyltin chloride [(C4H9)2SnCl2] with water or by hydrolysis of butyltin trichloride (C4H9)SnCl3.
The reaction typically takes place under acidic conditions, leading to the formation of Tin(IV) Butoxide: and hydrochloric acid.
Tin(IV) butoxide is widely used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Tin(IV) butoxide assists in the polymerization reaction between polyols and isocyanates, promoting the formation and curing of the foam.
Tin(IV) butoxide serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Tin(IV) butoxide helps prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation.
Tin(IV) butoxide can act as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds.
Tin(IV) butoxide is involved in various reactions to produce compounds used in industries such as plastics, coatings, and agriculture.
Organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, have come under scrutiny due to their potential environmental and health effects.
They can be toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly to marine life such as shellfish and fish.
Accumulation of organotin compounds in the environment can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
The most important benefit of Tin(IV) Butoxide: lies in its use as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Polyurethane foams are versatile materials used in a wide range of applications, including insulation, cushioning, and packaging.
Tin(IV) butoxide facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, allowing for the formation and curing of the foam.
The key advantage of using Tin(IV) butoxide as a catalyst in polyurethane foam production is its effectiveness in promoting the desired chemical reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide enables the production of foams with specific properties such as density, flexibility, and durability.
The foam can be tailored to meet various requirements, such as thermal insulation, impact absorption, or comfort.
Polyurethane foams are widely used in industries such as construction, automotive, furniture, and bedding due to their excellent insulation properties, cushioning ability, and structural support.
By acting as a catalyst, Tin(IV) butoxide plays a critical role in the efficient production of polyurethane foams on a large scale.
Tin(IV) butoxide is important to note that the use of Tin(IV) Butoxide: and other organotin compounds has been restricted or regulated due to environmental and health concerns associated with their potential toxicity and persistence in the environment.
Alternative catalysts are being explored to replace Tin(IV) butoxide in polyurethane foam production, focusing on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly options.
Several countries have implemented regulations and restrictions on the use of organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide.
For example, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has banned the use of organotin compounds in antifouling paints for ships.
Tin(IV) butoxide is important to handle Tin(IV) butoxide and other organotin compounds with care.
Follow appropriate safety measures and dispose of them according to local regulations to minimize their potential impact on the environment and human health.
Ongoing research is focused on developing alternative catalysts and stabilizers that are less harmful to the environment and human health, reducing the reliance on organotin compounds.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used primarily to catalyze esterification and polycondensation reactions at temperature between 210°C and 240°C (stable up to 250°C).
Tin(IV) butoxide begins to solubilize in carboxylic acid at 80°C during the reaction and becomes incorporated into the final product without affecting the quality of Tin(IV) Butoxide:.
Tin(IV) butoxide can significantly shorten esterification times, offers energy savings due to lower reaction temperatures, with a consequent more efficient use of equipment.
Tin(IV) butoxide minimizes side reactions such as dehydration and oxidative degradation of polyhydric alcohols, especially secondary alcohols.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be charged up front with other reactants, and requires no special handling other than avoiding excessive exposure to moisture.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds or as a source of tin in various chemical reactions.
Due to these concerns, the use of certain organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, has been restricted or regulated in many countries.
Tin(IV) butoxide is important to handle and dispose of such compounds responsibly and in accordance with local regulations to minimize their potential impact on the environment and human health.
Tin(IV) butoxide is an amorphous white solid phase transfer catalysts.
Tin(IV) butoxide is an organotin compound that contains a tin atom bonded to two butyl groups (C4H10) and an oxygen atom.
Tin(IV) butoxide has various applications in different industries.
One of Tin(IV) Butoxide:’s significant uses is as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Another application of Tin(IV) Butoxide: is as a stabilizer in the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
Tin(IV) butoxide is usually encountered as a white solid or a colorless powder.
Tin(IV) butoxide is a colorless solid that, when pure, is insoluble in organic solvents.
Tin(IV) butoxide acts as a catalyst for the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which leads to the formation of polyurethane foam.
Tin(IV) butoxide, facilitates the reaction and enhances the curing process of the foam.
Tin(IV) butoxide and other organotin compounds can persist in the environment for a considerable period.
They have been found to resist degradation and can remain in soil, sediment, and water for extended periods of time.
This persistence increases the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
Organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, have the ability to bioaccumulate in organisms.
This means that they can build up in the tissues of living organisms over time.
As a result, organisms higher up in the food chain, such as predators, can accumulate higher concentrations of these compounds due to biomagnification.
Tin(IV) butoxide can have detrimental effects on ecosystems.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been observed to cause reproductive abnormalities, growth inhibition, and immune system suppression in various aquatic organisms.
These impacts can disrupt the ecological balance and pose risks to the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.
When handling Tin(IV) butoxide or working in environments where it is used, it is essential to follow proper occupational safety measures.
This includes wearing appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, to prevent direct contact or inhalation of the compound.
Several international conventions and agreements address the use and environmental impact of organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide
However, it is worth noting that organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, have raised concerns regarding their environmental and health effects.
They can be toxic to aquatic organisms and have been implicated in various adverse effects on marine life.
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including Tin(IV) butoxide.
Tin(IV) butoxide and other organotin compounds have been used in agricultural applications.
They have been employed as biocides and fungicides to control pests and diseases in crops.
Tin(IV) butoxide can participate in various chemical reactions due to the reactivity of the tin atom and the organic groups attached to it.
Tin(IV) butoxide can undergo transesterification reactions, esterification reactions, and oxidative coupling reactions with appropriate reactants.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been employed in the field of polymer chemistry.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been used as a catalyst for the synthesis of certain polymers, such as polyesters and polyurethanes.
The presence of tin in the polymer backbone can impart specific properties to the resulting material.
In response to the environmental concerns associated with organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, ongoing research focuses on finding suitable substitutes.
Scientists are exploring alternative catalysts, stabilizers, and biocides that offer similar performance but with reduced environmental impacts.
Various analytical methods are available for the detection and quantification of Tin(IV) Butoxide: in different matrices.
These methods may include techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS).
Tin(IV) butoxide should be stored and handled properly to minimize risks.
Tin(IV) butoxide should be kept in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
Adequate ventilation and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used during handling to ensure safety.
In the event of a spill, leak, or accidental exposure to Tin(IV) butoxide, appropriate emergency procedures should be followed.
This may include evacuating the area, containing the spill, and contacting relevant authorities for guidance on cleanup and disposal.
The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade includes provisions related to the trade and handling of certain Tin(IV) butoxide.
Proper disposal of Tin(IV) Butoxide: and other organotin compounds is crucial to prevent their release into the environment.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly invertebrates and fish.
Tin(IV) butoxide and other organotin compounds are known to exhibit toxic properties.
They can have harmful effects on various organisms, including humans.
The specific toxic effects may vary depending on the concentration and duration of exposure.
Tin(IV) butoxide can interfere with the reproductive systems of these organisms, leading to reproductive abnormalities and impaired development.
In humans, exposure to Tin(IV) butoxide can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Studies have suggested that organotin compounds may have endocrine-disrupting properties, affecting hormonal balance and reproductive health.
They have been associated with adverse effects on the immune system, liver, and nervous system.
Due to the environmental and health concerns associated with organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, many countries and international organizations have implemented regulations to restrict or phase out their use.
The use of tributyltin (TBT) compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, in antifouling paints for ships has been banned or severely restricted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) since 2008.
The European Union (EU) has implemented the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation, which includes provisions for controlling and restricting the use of hazardous substances, including certain organotin compounds.
In response to the regulatory restrictions and environmental concerns, efforts have been made to develop alternative substances and technologies to replace organotin compounds in various applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide is an amorphous white solid phase transfer catalysts.
Tin(IV) butoxide is hydrolytically stable and can be used in the synthesis of saturated polyester resins for powder coatings and coil coatings, as well in the production of unsaturated polyester resins for gel-coat, sheet molding, and cast molding applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide might be used also to produce polymeric plasticizers.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used primarily to catalyze esterification and polycondensation reactions at temperature between 210°C and 240°C (stable up to 250°C).
Tin(IV) butoxide begins to solubilize in carboxylic acid at 80°C during the reaction and becomes incorporated into the final product without affecting the quality of Tin(IV) Butoxide:.
For this reason Tin(IV) butoxide does not require neutralization or filtration at the end of production.
Tin(IV) butoxide can significantly shorten esterification times, offers energy savings due to lower reaction temperatures, with a consequent more efficient use of equipment.
Tin(IV) butoxide minimizes side reactions such as dehydration and oxidative degradation of polyhydric alcohols, especially secondary alcohols.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be charged up front with other reactants, and requires no special handling other than avoiding excessive exposure to moisture.
Organotin compounds are an important product of tin deep processing, with the characteristics of various varieties and wide applications, and Tin(IV) butoxide is the fastest growing field of tin consumption.
Organotin products are used as heat stabilizers in plastic processing industries such as PVC, and have been widely used in industrialization.
As catalysts, they are widely used in chemical industries such as silica gel synthesis, polyurethane synthesis, and coating synthesis.
Tin(IV) butoxide, also known as monobutyltin oxide, can be used to synthesize butyl tin series heat stabilizers and catalysts, and can also be used as a polyurethane catalyst, silica gel catalyst, and coating catalyst with excellent performance.
The current method for synthesizing butylstannoic acid has problems such as complex synthesis, difficult control, low conversion rate, and low product purity.
Overcoming these problems is an important topic in the chemical industry.
Market Outlook and Advancements of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
As industries continue to push for higher efficiency in chemical processes, Tin(IV) butoxide is becoming increasingly popular due to its ability to catalyze reactions at lower temperatures and with less byproduct formation.
This is especially important in industries where product quality, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact are key considerations.
Overall, Tin(IV) butoxide remains an indispensable catalyst for industries involved in the production of unsaturated polyesters, resins, and plasticizers.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s ability to efficiently catalyze esterification and polymerization processes, as well as its versatility across multiple applications, underscores its importance in modern chemical manufacturing.
Uses of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Tin(IV) butoxide is a highly effective catalyst used in various industrial applications, primarily in esterification and polycondensation reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide is widely utilized in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, which are essential for manufacturing durable composite materials in industries like automotive, construction, and marine.
This catalyst accelerates polymerization, ensuring high-quality resins with improved mechanical properties.
In addition, Tin(IV) butoxide plays a key role in the production of plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), by facilitating esterification reactions that enhance the flexibility and durability of plastics.
Tin(IV) butoxide is also used in the synthesis of alkyd resins for coatings and paints, offering improved performance in industrial and decorative applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide is valued for its high catalytic activity, which reduces the amount needed for effective reactions, leading to more efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s versatility extends to various other chemical synthesis processes, making it indispensable in industries focused on producing resins, coatings, plasticizers, and other chemical products.
Tin(IV) butoxide is widely used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Tin(IV) butoxide facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, promoting the formation and curing of the foam.
Tin(IV) butoxide serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Tin(IV) butoxide helps prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation, thereby extending the lifespan of PVC products.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds.
Tin(IV) butoxide is involved in various reactions to produce compounds used in industries such as plastics, coatings, and agriculture.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be utilized as an additive in the production of various polymers.
Tin(IV) butoxide can act as a cross-linking agent in certain polymer systems.
Tin(IV) butoxide helps create stronger chemical bonds between polymer chains, improving the mechanical properties and stability of the resulting material.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been employed in coatings and paints.
Tin(IV) butoxide can enhance the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and improve its durability and resistance to environmental factors.
Tin(IV) butoxide is sometimes incorporated into adhesive formulations to improve their bonding strength and performance.
Tin(IV) butoxide can aid in the curing process and enhance the adhesive properties.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been used in the textile industry as a chemical additive or finishing agent.
Tin(IV) butoxide may provide certain functional properties to textiles, such as antimicrobial or water-repellent properties.
Tin(IV) butoxide has exhibited antifungal properties and has been studied for its potential use in antifungal formulations.
Tin(IV) butoxide may help inhibit the growth of fungi and prevent fungal infections in various applications, such as agricultural crops or wood protection.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be employed in the rubber industry as a processing aid or cross-linking agent.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been utilized in textile printing processes as a catalyst or stabilizer for specific dyes and pigments.
Tin(IV) butoxide may assist in achieving desired color fixation and improve the wash-fastness of printed designs on textiles.
Tin(IV) butoxide is sometimes used as a reagent in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemicals, or fine chemicals.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s unique properties and reactivity make it useful in specific chemical transformations.
In the past, certain organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, were used as fuel additives in gasoline to improve its octane rating and reduce engine knocking.
However, the use of organotin compounds in gasoline has been phased out due to environmental and health concerns.
Tin(IV) butoxide continues to be used in research and development laboratories for various applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide may be utilized as a starting material or catalyst in the synthesis of novel compounds or in the development of new processes.
Tin(IV) butoxide can participate in various chemical reactions as a catalyst or reactant.
Tin(IV) butoxide can serve as a source of tin in certain chemical reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be used as a precursor to introduce tin atoms into various materials or compounds.
In the past, organotin compounds, including Tin(IV) butoxide, were used as biocides and fungicides in agricultural applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide the use of such compounds in agriculture has been phased out or restricted due to environmental concerns and potential impacts on non-target organisms.
Tin(IV) butoxide is sometimes used in research and development settings as a reagent or catalyst in various chemical reactions and polymerizations.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used as a reagent and a catalyst.
In organic synthesis, among its many applications, Tin(IV) butoxide is particularly useful in directing regioselective O-alkylation, acylation, and sulfonation reactions for diols and polyol.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been used in the regioselective tosylation (a specific type of sulfonation) of certain polyols to selectively tosylate primary alcohols and exocyclic alcohols over more sterically-hindered alcohols.
Tin(IV) butoxide also finds use as a transesterification catalyst.
Tin(IV) butoxide, when used as a stabilizer or additive in polymer production, can enhance the performance and durability of the resulting materials.
Tin(IV) butoxide can improve the resistance to heat, UV radiation, and degradation, leading to longer-lasting products with enhanced properties.
Tin(IV) butoxide has been utilized in various industries, including construction, automotive, textiles, and coatings.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s versatility allows for its use in a wide range of applications, contributing to the development of diverse products with desired characteristics.
As a catalyst, Tin(IV) butoxide enables faster and more efficient chemical reactions, reducing processing times and energy consumption in certain manufacturing processes.
Tin(IV) butoxide can lead to improved productivity and cost savings for industries that utilize.
While the use of organotin compounds as biocides, including Tin(IV) butoxide, has been phased out or restricted, their historical use as biocides in applications such as antifouling paints helped prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls.
This contributed to improved vessel performance and fuel efficiency.
Tin(IV) butoxide, as a reagent or catalyst, continues to be utilized in research and development laboratories for various scientific investigations and studies.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s unique properties and reactivity make it valuable for exploring new chemical transformations and developing innovative materials and processes.
Tin(IV) butoxide, such as dibutyltin dilaurate are widely used curing catalysts for the production of silicones and polyurethanes.
Butyltin hydroxide oxide hydrate can be used: As a starting material for the preparation of 1,3,2-oxathiastannolane derivatives.
Tin(IV) butoxide used to prepare polyethylene oxide (PEO) ionomer i.e, PEO600/sulphoisophthalate Na ionomer.
Tin(IV) butoxide used to prepare sulfonated copolyester (SPE) polymers.
Tin(IV) butoxide can be used in the synthesis of saturated polyesters for powder coatings and coil coatings; Tin(IV) butoxide can be used in the production of unsaturated polyesters in gel coatings, sheet molding compounds and casting applications; and the catalyst can be used in the production of polymeric plasticizers.
Tin(IV) butoxide is primarily utilized as a stimulant for the manufacturing of saturated polyester materials such as powder coatings, coil (steel) layers, and shielding paints, and also as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated polyester resins;
Tin(IV) butoxide is utilized as plastic stabilizer resources, organic tin intermediate, esterification reaction stimulant, electrophoretic electrodeposition covering driver.
Tin(IV) butoxide is widely used in various industrial applications due to its high catalytic efficiency in esterification and polycondensation reactions.
Here are the key uses of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Unsaturated Polyester Resin Production:
Tin(IV) butoxide is extensively used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), which are crucial in the manufacturing of composite materials.
These resins are used in industries such as automotive, construction, and marine, where they are often combined with fiberglass for producing lightweight yet durable components.
In the automotive industry for parts like car body panels, and in the construction and marine industries for durable materials like boat hulls and pipes.
Tin(IV) butoxide accelerates the polymerization process, ensuring faster and more efficient resin production, leading to better mechanical properties in the final composite materials.
Coatings and Paints:
Tin(IV) butoxide is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins, which are essential for coatings and paints.
Alkyd resins are prized for their durability, flexibility, and resistance to environmental factors like UV light and moisture.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used in industrial coatings, decorative paints, and varnishes.
Tin(IV) butoxide helps produce high-quality resins with superior adhesion and longevity, which improves the overall performance of coatings and paints.
Plasticizer Manufacturing:
Tin(IV) butoxide plays a crucial role in the production of plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA).
Plasticizers are added to plastic materials to increase their flexibility, durability, and workability.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used in the plastic manufacturing industry for products like flexible PVC (e.g., flooring, cables, and upholstery).
Tin(IV) butoxide facilitates the esterification reaction between phthalic acid or adipic acid and alcohols, leading to the production of high-quality plasticizers that enhance the flexibility and lifespan of plastic materials.
Polyester and Alkyd Resin Manufacturing for Surface Coatings:
In addition to unsaturated polyesters, Tin(IV) butoxide is used in the production of polyester and alkyd resins for various coatings.
These resins are essential for creating durable, high-performance coatings.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used in surface coatings for a wide range of applications, including industrial coatings, automotive finishes, and decorative paints.
Tin(IV) butoxide accelerates the production of resins, ensuring high-quality and durable coatings that provide long-lasting protection and aesthetic appeal.
Chemical Synthesis:
Tin(IV) butoxide is also used in various chemical synthesis processes, especially in reactions involving esterification and transesterification, which are critical in the creation of polyesters, plasticizers, and other chemicals.
Tin(IV) butoxide is used in the synthesis of numerous chemical products, including solvents, resins, and plastic intermediates.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s ability to efficiently catalyze esterification reactions makes it an ideal choice for chemical manufacturers seeking to improve the efficiency of their production processes.
Environmental Benefits:
Due to its high catalytic activity, Tin(IV) butoxide can be used in smaller quantities, reducing waste and making the production process more environmentally friendly.
By reducing the amount of catalyst needed and minimizing byproducts, Tin(IV) butoxide helps improve the sustainability of chemical processes.
In summary, Tin(IV) butoxide is an important catalyst in a wide range of industrial applications, from the production of resins and coatings to plasticizers and other chemical products.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s efficiency and versatility make it a key component in processes that require polymerization and esterification reactions.
Features of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
High Catalytic Activity:
Tin(IV) butoxide is highly efficient in catalyzing esterification and polycondensation reactions, ensuring rapid reaction times.
Liquid Form:
Tin(IV) butoxide is typically available in liquid form, making it easy to handle and mix with other chemicals in industrial processes.
Solubility in Esters:
Tin(IV) butoxide remains dissolved in the ester, which enhances its effectiveness during polymerization and esterification reactions.
Tin-Based Composition:
Tin(IV) butoxide contains tin compounds, which are well-known for their effectiveness in catalyzing esterification reactions, particularly in resin and plasticizer production.
Thermal Stability:
Tin(IV) butoxide exhibits thermal stability, making it suitable for use in high-temperature industrial processes without decomposing or losing effectiveness.
Wide Range of Applications:
Tin(IV) butoxide can be used in diverse industries, including resin production, coatings, plasticizer manufacturing, and chemical synthesis.
Low Dosage Requirements:
Due to its high efficiency, only small amounts of Tin(IV) Butoxide: are needed, which minimizes waste and cost.
Versatile Use:
Tin(IV) butoxide is effective in various chemical processes, including the production of unsaturated polyesters, alkyd resins, and plasticizers.
Non-Volatile:
Tin(IV) butoxide is a stable, non-volatile catalyst, ensuring safer handling and reduced evaporation losses during use.
Manufacturing of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Tin(IV) butoxide is manufactured through a specialized chemical synthesis process that ensures its high catalytic activity and stability.
Here is an overview of the general manufacturing process:
Synthesis of Tin-Based Compounds:
Tin(IV) butoxide is primarily composed of tin (Sn) compounds, which are the key to its catalytic properties.
The manufacturing process begins with the synthesis of these tin-based compounds, typically through reactions involving tin chloride or other tin salts and organic acids.
Activation and Formulation:
The tin compounds are then activated and mixed with other chemical components to enhance their catalytic properties.
This may involve adding stabilizers, solvents, or other additives that improve the performance and handling of the catalyst in industrial applications.
Purification and Quality Control:
After the initial formulation, Tin(IV) butoxide undergoes purification to remove impurities and ensure that the catalyst meets the required specifications for its intended use.
Strict quality control checks are implemented to guarantee high purity and consistent performance.
Liquid Formulation:
Tin(IV) butoxide is typically produced in liquid form to facilitate easier handling and application in manufacturing processes.
The liquid catalyst is then filtered to remove any particulates, ensuring smooth mixing and uniform distribution in chemical reactions.
Packaging and Distribution:
Once the catalyst is synthesized and formulated, Tin(IV) butoxide is packaged in suitable containers to prevent contamination and preserve its activity.
The packaging ensures that Tin(IV) butoxide remains stable during transportation and storage, allowing it to be shipped to industrial customers worldwide.
Throughout the manufacturing process, high standards of safety, environmental compliance, and efficiency are maintained to ensure that Tin(IV) butoxide remains a reliable and effective catalyst for various industrial applications.
Synthesis of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
The synthesis of Tin(IV) Butoxide:, a tin-based catalyst, involves several key steps to ensure its effectiveness in esterification and polycondensation reactions.
Below is an overview of the synthesis process:
Preparation of Tin Compounds:
Starting Material:
The synthesis begins with the preparation of tin-based compounds, typically tin chloride (SnCl₂) or other tin salts.
These compounds are chosen for their ability to catalyze esterification reactions efficiently.
Reagents:
Organic acids, such as fatty acids or other carboxylic acids, are often used in combination with tin salts to form the required active tin species.
Reaction:
The tin compound is reacted with the organic acid or other reagents in a controlled environment, often under specific temperature and pressure conditions to ensure optimal product formation.
Activation and Complexation:
The tin compound undergoes activation by reacting with organic ligands or stabilizers.
This step is crucial as Tin(IV) butoxide enhances the catalytic properties of the tin and ensures it remains effective during reactions.
The catalyst may be combined with solvents or stabilizing agents to ensure Tin(IV) butoxide stays in the desired liquid form, allowing for easier handling and better performance in industrial applications.
Purification and Refining:
Filtration:
After the activation step, the mixture is filtered to remove any impurities or by-products formed during the synthesis.
This helps ensure the purity and consistency of the final product.
Separation:
Any residual solids or unwanted chemical residues are separated out to leave behind the active catalyst solution.
Stabilization and Final Adjustment:
Stabilization:
Tin(IV) butoxide may undergo additional stabilization steps to prevent decomposition or loss of activity during storage or use.
This may involve adjusting the concentration of the tin compound and the addition of stabilizing agents that protect the catalyst.
Concentration Adjustment:
The final concentration of the catalyst is adjusted based on Tin(IV) butoxide’s intended use.
Tin(IV) butoxide is usually formulated as a liquid to make it easier to handle and apply in industrial processes.
Packaging and Quality Control:
Once the synthesis is complete, the catalyst undergoes rigorous quality control testing to ensure it meets the required performance standards.
This includes checking the purity, concentration, and stability of the catalyst.
The final product is then packaged in containers designed to prevent contamination and preserve the integrity of the catalyst.
Distribution:
After packaging, Tin(IV) butoxide is ready for distribution to manufacturers for use in applications like resin production, plasticizer synthesis, coatings, and other chemical processes.
In summary, the synthesis of Tin(IV) Butoxide: involves the preparation of tin-based compounds, activation with organic acids and stabilizers, purification to ensure high quality, and final adjustments before packaging. The process ensures the catalyst has high catalytic activity, thermal stability, and versatility for industrial applications.
History of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Tin(IV) butoxide is a catalyst developed by TIB Chemicals, a company known for producing specialty chemicals and catalysts for various industrial applications.
The development of Tin(IV) Butoxide: is part of the company’s ongoing efforts to provide efficient and sustainable solutions for chemical manufacturing processes, particularly in esterification and polycondensation reactions.
Tin(IV) butoxide was created to meet the growing demand for high-performance catalysts in the production of resins, coatings, and plasticizers.
Over the years, Tin(IV) butoxide has been recognized for its high catalytic activity, stability, and versatility, which have made it an essential component in many industrial applications.
Tin(IV) butoxide’s formulation has evolved to meet the needs of various industries, contributing to TIB Chemicals’ reputation as a leading supplier of innovative catalysts and chemical solutions.
Handling and Storage of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Handling:
Always handle with care, using appropriate protective equipment (e.g., gloves, goggles, protective clothing) to avoid direct contact with skin and eyes.
Ensure proper ventilation when working with Tin(IV) butoxide, especially in confined spaces.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat.
Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store in an area with proper ventilation.
Ensure compatibility with other chemicals and materials to avoid adverse reactions.
Reactivity and Stability of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Stability:
Tin(IV) butoxide is stable under normal conditions when stored and handled as recommended.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or direct sunlight to maintain stability.
Reactivity:
Tin(IV) butoxide is reactive with certain acids, alcohols, and other organic compounds used in esterification and polymerization reactions.
Can react with water or moisture, releasing heat and potentially causing decomposition.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Decomposes at high temperatures, potentially releasing toxic fumes such as tin oxides and other hazardous compounds.
First Aid Measures of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.
Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Firefighting Measures of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical powder, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) to extinguish the fire.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
Do not use water directly, as Tin(IV) butoxide can cause a hazardous reaction or splashing.
Firefighting Instructions:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing when fighting fires.
Avoid inhalation of combustion products, as they may be hazardous.
Hazardous Combustion Products:
In the event of a fire, hazardous fumes such as tin oxides may be released.
Accidental Release Measures of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Personal Precautions:
Wear protective equipment to avoid skin and eye contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent Tin(IV) butoxide from entering drains or water sources.
Containment and Cleanup:
Absorb the spill with inert materials such as sand or vermiculite.
Place the absorbed material in an appropriate container for disposal.
Clean the affected area with soap and water.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Occupational Exposure Limits:
Follow local regulations and exposure limits set by regulatory authorities (such as OSHA or EU standards).
There are no specific exposure limits for Tin(IV) butoxide, but exposure to tin compounds and volatile organic solvents should be minimized.
Engineering Controls:
Use in well-ventilated areas.
If necessary, install local exhaust ventilation to reduce airborne concentrations.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Eyes:
Wear safety goggles or face shield to prevent contact with the eyes.
Skin:
Wear protective gloves and clothing to avoid skin contact.
Respiratory:
If exposure limits are exceeded or in poorly ventilated areas, wear a respirator with appropriate cartridges.
Identifiers of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
CAS Number: 2273-43-0
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2Sn
Molecular Weight: 208.83
EINECS: 218-880-1
Properties of Tin(IV) Butoxide:
Boiling point: 350 °C
Density: 1,46 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 24.4Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 9.5mg/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
Form: powder to crystal
Specific Gravity: 1.46
Color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: 317-3200μg/L at 20℃
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
LogP: 0.2-1.477 at 20-25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2273-43-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tin(IV) butoxide (2273-43-0)
Appearance: Clear to light yellow liquid.
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor.
Density (at 20°C): Approximately 1.2 – 1.3 g/cm³.
Viscosity: Low viscosity, making it easy to handle and mix in various processes.
Solubility: Soluble in esters and other organic solvents, but not soluble in water.
Boiling point: 350 °C
Density: 1,46 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 24.4Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 9.5mg/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
form: powder to crystal
color: White to Almost white
Specific Gravity: 1.46
Water Solubility: 317-3200μg/L at 20℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
LogP: 0.2-1.477 at 20-25℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: HYDROXYTin(IV) butoxide
FDA 21 CFR: 175.300; 177.2420
CAS DataBase Reference: 2273-43-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG’s Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: G34WDA7Z2E
EPA Substance Registry System: Stannane, butylhydroxyoxo- (2273-43-0)