PHOSPHONOBUTANE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
PHOSPHONOBUTANE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely used in industrial water treatment applications for its excellent scale inhibition and chelating properties, especially in high-temperature, high-pH conditions, such as in cooling water systems and boiler water systems.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low phosphorus content, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional phosphonates, reducing the risk of eutrophication in discharged waters.
Due to its superior stability against chlorine, high temperatures, and high alkalinity, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is an ideal choice for preventing scaling and corrosion in various industrial water management systems.
CAS Number: 37971-36-1
EC Number: 253-274-3
Molecular Formula: C8H11O7P
Molecular Weight: 246.14 g/mol
Synonyms: 2-PHOSPHONOBUTANE-1,2,4-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID, 37971-36-1, PBTC, 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-, 2-Phosphono-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-Phosophonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarbonic acid, EINECS 253-733-5, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, EC 253-733-5, 3-Carboxy-3-phosphonohexanedioic Acid, 306P37319L, 40372-66-5, Q-200319, C7H11O9P, 2-Phosphono butane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, UNII-306P37319L, BAYHIBIT AM, MAYOQUEST 2100, DEQUEST 7000, SCHEMBL22514, DTXSID4027999, MFCD01940753, AKOS007930701, DB-049222, CS-0451914, FT-0613352, P1857, Butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-1,2,4-, PHOSPHONOBUTANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID [INCI], (S)-2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 971P361, A823953, Q27255925, 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid 50% in water, 2- Phosphonobutane -1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, tetra sodium salt, 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (ca. 50% in water)
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a high-performance organophosphonate compound widely used in industrial water treatment applications due to its excellent chelating and scale inhibition properties.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid exhibits superior stability under high-temperature and high-pH conditions, making it ideal for use in challenging environments such as cooling water systems, boiler water systems, and desalination plants.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is highly effective at preventing the precipitation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate, which helps to protect equipment from scaling and extend operational life.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation, ensuring long-lasting performance even in harsh conditions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s ability to chelate metal ions, such as iron, manganese, and copper, prevents deposition and enhances system efficiency.
Additionally, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is environmentally friendly due to its low phosphorus content compared to traditional phosphates, reducing the risk of eutrophication in discharged waters.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is often used in combination with other water treatment chemicals, such as dispersants, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors, to create comprehensive water treatment programs.
With a high tolerance for multi-metal systems and compatibility with various water treatment formulations, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a versatile and indispensable component in industrial water management.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a very effective scale inhibitor used in various industrial applications.
Due to Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s higher performance properties it is a very cost effective inhibitor compared to standard Phosphonates such as HEDP/ATMP.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is mainly due to superior stability to chlorine, bleach and bromine.
In cooling water Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid performs well at high PH or temperatures.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid further shows high effectiveness in high alkaline solutions such as industrial cleaners.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a high efficient agent as scale and corrosion inhibitor.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is the excellent stabilizer for zinc salt.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely used in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system as scale and corrosion inhibitor, suitable to composite with zinc salt and copolymer.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid, with its excellence stability against chlorine, high temperatures and high alkali conditions, is used as scale and corrosion inhibitor and as stabilizer for Zinc salts and Calcium salts in aqueous systems.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low phosphoric content.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has structural features of both phosphoric acid and carboxylic acid groups, which enable its excellent scale and corrosion inhibition properties.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s antiscalant property under high temperature is far better than that of organophosphines.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can improve zinc salt solubility, has good chlorine oxidation tolerance, and good composite synergy.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler feed water.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid also has important applications as a chemical intermediate in insecticides, dry cleaning soaps, gas absorbents, rubber chemicals and plasticizers.
Whether Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid belongs to an environmentally-friendly scale inhibitor or not, many customers have this question when purchasing.
Before determining whether Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acid is an environmentally friendly scale inhibitor, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is necessary to talk about the types of scale inhibitors.
So far, the types of scale inhibitors that are widely used in the water treatment industry are mainly the following.
Organic phosphine scale inhibitor (phosphorus), organic phosphonate scale inhibitor (phosphorus), compound scale inhibitor, environmental scale inhibitor (PESA, PASP, etc.), low phosphorus-containing scale inhibitor (such as PBTCA).
Among the organic phosphine type scale inhibitors, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is one of the lowest scale inhibitors.
The reason is that Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s structural characteristics contain only one phosphorus element in the molecular formula.
At the same time, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid chemical has the characteristics of phosphonic acid and a carboxylic acid, which has good scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition performance and is much better than other organic phosphonic acid scale inhibitors.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low phosphorus content and is ideal for scale inhibition. Within the foreseeable range, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acid is still the main product in water treatment chemicals and can be used as a compound or as a separate ingredient.
As the country’s environmental requirements become more stringent, the use of more water treatment agents with higher phosphorus content is limited.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acid meets national environmental requirements.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is relatively affordable and is a good choice for most companies.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is well known that organic phosphine water treatment agents are the most widely used in monomer water treatment agents.
Faced with more environmental pressures, water treatment agents are moving towards diversification.
For example, compounding, copolymer, polymer, and other water treatment agents are more targeted when used.
Good chemical stability, not easy to decompose, high-temperature resistance, strong acid, and alkali resistance and oxidant resistance.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used together with oxidizing biocides such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorine.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has a much higher tolerance for Ca2+.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used under the conditions of high hardness, high alkali, high temperature, high pH and high concentration.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can still achieve a good scale inhibition effect.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has a high solubility in zinc salts and good stability.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be combined with zinc salt to obtain a very good corrosion inhibition effect.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low phosphorus content (only 11-15%), and it has a low dosage and is not subject to environmental emissions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is one of the more advanced circulating cooling water treatment chemicals in China.
Among the organic phosphine water treatment agents, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is one of the most suitable organic phosphine monomers for environmentally friendly scale inhibitors due to its own characteristics and low phosphorus content.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acid has the structural properties common to phosphonic acids and carboxylic acids.
Therefore, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is relatively superior to other organic phosphonic acids, and it has excellent scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition properties.
At the same time, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid chemical is resistant to high temperature and high alkali, and its scale inhibition performance at high temperature is much higher than other commonly used organic phosphines.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also used as a special corrosion and scale inhibitor for high temperature.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is the most widely used in the combination of high-efficiency corrosion and scale inhibitors.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is one of the best performance products among all known scale inhibitors.
At the same time, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has functional diversity.
For example, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can also be used as a stabilizer for zinc salts.
In addition, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can also be used as a chelating agent and metal cleaner in the washing industry.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is currently mainly used for corrosion and scale inhibition of circulating cooling water systems and oilfield refill systems.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acid is compounded with zinc salt and copolymer during use and is used for high temperature, high alkali, high hardness water quality.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid corrosion inhibitor is very useful just as both equal antiscalants as well as corrosion inhibitors.
Due to the truth of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s structural function of carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid.
The Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid antiscalant is steady and good performance within the situation of high hardness, temp, pH value, and then listed matter concentration.
While ordinarily establishing with many other organophosphates, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid as well broadly works jointly with zinc salts which solubility it’s going to rise.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid antiscalant is able to raise zinc sodium solubility.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid also provide a bigger tolerance to oxidation chemicals such as chlorine or bromine in the system.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a very effective scale inhibitor used in various industrial applications.
Due to Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s higher performance properties it is a very cost effective inhibitor compared to standard Phosphonates such as HEDP/ATMP.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is mainly due to superior stability to chlorine, bleach and bromine.
In cooling water Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid performs well at high PH or temperatures.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid further shows high effectiveness in high alkaline solutions such as industrial cleaners.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is the latest generation of internationally popular phosphine carboxylic acid, and 2-Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is one of the most widely used and best-performing products in the compounding of high-efficiency scale and corrosion inhibitors.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is especially suitable for water quality conditions of high temperature, high hardness, high alkalinity, high pH, and high concentration ratio, and has good scale inhibition performance for calcium carbonate scale and calcium phosphate scale.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low content of phosphoric, has structural features of both phosphoric acid and carboxylic acid group, which enable its excellent scale and corrosion inhibition properties.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s antiscale property under high temperature is far better than that of organophosphines.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can improve zinc salt solubility, has good chlorine oxidation tolerance and good composite synergy.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula P(O)(OH) (COOH) 2.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has the appearance of a white powder and no odor.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be used as an intermediate for the production of other chemicals or as a raw material for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low content of phosphorus.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s structural property of both phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid enables 2-Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid to have excellent scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition performance, and to be better than the commonly used organic phosphonic acid, especially at high temperature condition.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has low phosphorus content.
Due to its structural characteristics of phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has good scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition performance, which is superior to commonly used organic phosphonic acid, especially its scale inhibition performance at high temperature is far superior to commonly used organic phosphonic acid, which can improve the solubility of zinc, has good chlorine resistance and good compound coordination.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is easy to absorb moisture.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a technique that can be used to amplify a specific segment of DNA.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is based on the use of primers, which are short single strands of DNA, to initiate DNA synthesis.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a versatile organophosphonate compound with a unique chemical structure that combines phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid functional groups.
This dual functionality gives Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid superior chelating properties and exceptional scale inhibition performance.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely used in industrial water treatment processes, including cooling towers, boilers, reverse osmosis systems, and oilfield water treatment, due to its ability to prevent the formation of hard scales such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s high thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation make it an ideal choice for systems operating under extreme temperature and pH conditions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also known for its excellent dispersion properties, helping to prevent the accumulation of suspended solids and scale deposits on heat exchange surfaces and pipelines.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s low phosphorus content compared to traditional phosphates makes it an environmentally friendly choice, reducing the risk of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems.
In addition to scale inhibition, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid serves as a strong chelating agent for transition metals such as iron, manganese, and copper, minimizing their precipitation and corrosion-promoting effects in water systems.
One of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s notable advantages is its compatibility with a wide range of water treatment chemicals, including corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and dispersants.
This compatibility allows Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid to be incorporated into complex formulations designed to address multiple water treatment challenges simultaneously.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also effective in multi-metal systems, protecting various metals such as steel, copper, and aluminum from scaling and fouling.
Furthermore, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in specific applications like textile dyeing, detergent manufacturing, and pulp and paper processing, where its chelating and stabilization properties improve process efficiency and product quality.
The synthesis of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid involves the reaction of maleic anhydride with phosphorous acid, followed by further reactions to yield the desired organophosphonate structure.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is commercially available as an aqueous solution with high purity and excellent stability.
Due to its wide range of applications and environmental benefits, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has become an essential component in industrial water management and process optimization.
Market Overview of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
The global market for Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is experiencing steady growth due to its versatile applications across various industries and its alignment with sustainability goals.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely recognized for its superior scale inhibition, chelating properties, and environmental benefits, making it a preferred choice for industrial water treatment, oil and gas operations, and other manufacturing processes.
The increasing industrialization in emerging economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific regions like China and India, has significantly boosted the demand for Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid as industries seek efficient solutions to prevent scaling and fouling in water systems.
Moreover, the growing concerns over water scarcity have driven investments in advanced water treatment technologies, further enhancing the adoption of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid in cooling towers, boilers, desalination plants, and reverse osmosis systems.
The oil and gas sector is another major contributor to Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s demand, as the chemical plays a crucial role in preventing scale formation in pipelines and equipment during enhanced oil recovery and hydraulic fracturing processes.
Developed regions like North America and Europe are also witnessing steady demand for Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid due to stringent environmental regulations that encourage the use of low-phosphorus and eco-friendly chemicals.
Furthermore, industries such as textiles, detergents, and pulp and paper are increasingly utilizing Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid for its stabilizing and chelating properties, which enhance process efficiency and product quality.
However, the market faces challenges such as fluctuations in raw material costs, which can affect the pricing and availability of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid, and competition from alternative water treatment chemicals.
Despite these challenges, the market outlook for Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid remains optimistic, with advancements in water treatment technologies and the global push toward sustainability expected to drive its demand.
The focus on environmentally friendly solutions and energy-efficient processes will continue to position Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid as a critical component in industrial water management and other applications, ensuring its relevance and steady growth in the global market.
Uses of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a versatile chemical widely used in various industrial applications.
In water treatment, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acts as a scale inhibitor and chelating agent, preventing the formation of hard scales like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate in cooling systems, boilers, and desalination plants.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also essential in the oil and gas industry for water treatment in pipelines and enhanced oil recovery processes.
In reverse osmosis systems, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid serves as an anti-scalant, protecting membranes from fouling.
The chemical finds applications in the textile industry, stabilizing dye solutions and improving color quality, and in detergents as a stabilizer to enhance cleaning efficiency in hard water.
In the pulp and paper industry, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid prevents scaling during production, improving equipment performance.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is also used in plastic and polymer production to stabilize formulations and mitigate reactions caused by trace metals.
Additionally, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is employed in cleaning and descaling food-grade equipment, subject to regulatory standards.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s low phosphorus content makes it environmentally friendly, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional phosphates and reducing the risk of eutrophication.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is the most widely used in the compounding of high-efficiency scale and corrosion inhibitors, is one of the products with the best performance, and is also an excellent stabilizer for zinc salts.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely used in the corrosion and scale inhibition of circulating cooling water system and oilfield water injection system, especially suitable for compounding with zinc salt and copolymer.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be used as a chelating agent and metal cleaning agent in the washing industry.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is a high efficient agent as scale and corrosion inhibitor.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is the excellent stabilizer for zinc salt.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is widely used in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system as scale and corrosion inhibitor, suitable to composite with zinc salt and copolymer.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be used in situations of high temperature, high hardness, high alkali and high concentration index.
In lavation fields, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used as chelating agent and metal detergent.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is usually used together with zinc salt, copolymer, organophosphine, imidazole and other Water Treatment Chemicals.
When used alone, the dosage of 5-15mg/L is preferred.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used for the manufacture of: Other release to the environment of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, water treatment chemicals, washing & cleaning products, non-metal-surface treatment products, polishes and waxes and cosmetics and personal care products.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Release to the environment of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in processing aids at industrial sites.
As being a good inhibitor to both the scale and corrosion, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid corrosion inhibitor is definitely the great stabilizer for zinc sodium.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be commonly applied to the re-filling system and circulated cooling system for oil areas, metal mills, and also mines.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid antiscalant can be utilized within conditions of, high hardness, high alkali, and high concentration index.
In addition, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in order to chelate steel ions in lavation and also detergent fields as steel detergent.
In pH 7-10, 5-15 mg/L is usually recommended if only Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid corrosion inhibitor is normally applied along with the zinc sodium, copolymer, organophosphine, imidazole, and also other water treatment chemicals.
While used by itself, the actual dosage of 5-15 mg/l is normally recommended.
The original reaction of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid corrosion inhibitor production is normally between dialkyl phosphite (generally dimethyl phosphate in China) and also maleic acid dimethyl ester using a common catalyst.
Tetraalkyl ester of phosphonosuccinic acid forms along with quickly responded together with methyl acrylate.
The next thereupon saponification outputs Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
Water treatment:
One of the most important applications of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is in water purification.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used as an anti-corrosion and antiscalant in industrial units.
Water used in cooling systems and other industrial equipment contains hardening agents and impurities such as calcium carbonate and copper ions.
These impurities cause many problems, including sedimentation in pipes and other paths that deal with water, and also cause corrosion in the system.
Amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) and Etidronic acid (HEDP) also have this capability, but there are two barriers to using these substances: Limitations in the solubility of their salts and their low resistance to oxidizing agents
Anticorrosion and antiscalants:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has more power than other phosphonates as an anti-corrosion and anti-scaling agent.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid can be used to control the deposition of calcium carbonate.
In addition, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is very useful in harsh conditions and very high temperatures, and with high alkalinity.
Cooling systems and industrial water treatment units:
In systems where water plays a key role as a cooling agent, the presence of substances such as calcium ions causes deposits inside the equipment, which blocks the passage of water and makes the system inefficient.
The best way to solve this problem is to use antiscalants such as Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
Industrial detergents:
One of the most important applications of phosphates is in the production of detergents.
The use of these materials has the following advantages: reducing hardness and preventing the formation of sediment and dispersion of contaminants and controlling their deposition.
Industrial Water Treatment:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used as a scale inhibitor and chelating agent in cooling water systems, boilers, and desalination plants.
Prevents the formation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate scales.
Oil and Gas Industry:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is applied in oilfield water treatment to prevent scale formation in pipelines and equipment.
Enhances efficiency in processes such as enhanced oil recovery and water injection.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid acts as an anti-scalant, preventing membrane fouling caused by scale deposits.
Metal Treatment:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid chelates metal ions like iron, manganese, and copper, reducing precipitation and corrosion in multi-metal systems.
Textile Industry:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in dyeing processes to chelate metal impurities and stabilize dye solutions, improving color quality.
Detergent Manufacturing:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is incorporated in detergents as a stabilizer and scale inhibitor, enhancing cleaning efficiency in hard water conditions.
Pulp and Paper Industry:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid prevents scaling and fouling during the paper production process, improving equipment performance.
Plastic and Polymer Production:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid stabilizes formulations and prevents unwanted reactions caused by trace metal impurities.
Food and Beverage Industry (Indirect Applications):
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is used in cleaning and descaling processes for food-grade equipment, subject to regulatory approval.
Environmental Applications:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid serves as a low-phosphorus alternative to traditional phosphates, reducing environmental impact and preventing eutrophication.
Other Uses:
Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment
Industrial detergents
Disinfectants
Liquid dishwashing concentrates
Metal surface treatment as corrosion inhibitor for steel
Retardant in concrete
Sequestering agent in textile auxiliaries
Benefits of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid offers numerous benefits, making it an essential chemical in various industrial applications.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s exceptional scale inhibition properties prevent the formation of hard scales like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate, ensuring smooth system operation and reducing maintenance costs.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is highly stable under extreme temperatures and alkaline conditions, making it ideal for demanding environments such as cooling water systems, boilers, and reverse osmosis plants.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s strong chelating ability effectively binds metal ions like iron, manganese, and copper, preventing fouling, corrosion, and deposition.
Additionally, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is environmentally friendly, with a low phosphorus content that minimizes the risk of eutrophication, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional phosphates.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is compatible with other water treatment chemicals, such as dispersants and biocides, allowing for customized and efficient treatment solutions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation ensures long-lasting performance, enhancing system efficiency and reliability across a wide range of industries.
Process of Producing of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
The production of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid involves chemical reactions that combine phosphorous acid and a carboxylic acid precursor under controlled conditions.
Below is an outline of the general process:
Raw Materials Preparation:
Phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and maleic anhydride (C4H2O3) are the primary raw materials used.
Water or a solvent may be added to control the reaction medium and temperature.
Reaction Initiation:
Maleic anhydride is reacted with phosphorous acid in a reactor.
The reaction occurs under acidic conditions and at an elevated temperature (typically 80–120°C).
Formation of Intermediates:
Initially, phosphorous acid reacts with maleic anhydride to form an intermediate compound.
The carboxylic acid groups are introduced as the reaction progresses, forming a tricarboxylic acid structure.
Completion of Phosphonation:
The reaction continues until phosphonation is complete, and the desired Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid structure is achieved.
Reaction times and conditions are carefully monitored to optimize yield and purity.
Neutralization and Purification:
The reaction mixture is neutralized, often with sodium hydroxide or a similar base, to adjust the pH.
Impurities are removed through filtration, washing, or other purification techniques.
Concentration and Drying (Optional):
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is typically concentrated to produce a liquid formulation of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
In some cases, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid may be dried into a powder form, depending on the intended application.
Quality Control:
The final product is tested for Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s purity, active content, pH, and stability.
Common specifications include high active phosphonate content and low impurities.
This process results in a high-purity, hydrolytically stable Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid product, which is then packaged for industrial use in water treatment, detergents, and other applications.
History of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid was first developed as part of the growing need for more efficient and environmentally friendly scale inhibitors in water treatment and industrial processes.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s roots trace back to the late 20th century, when industries began facing increasing challenges related to scale formation and fouling in cooling towers, boilers, and water pipelines.
Traditional methods of scale control, often based on phosphates, were effective but posed significant environmental risks, including eutrophication and water pollution.
As environmental concerns grew and stricter regulations around chemical usage emerged, there was a strong drive towards developing alternative, more sustainable chemicals.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid was synthesized as a response to these challenges.
The chemical’s low phosphorus content and effectiveness as a scale inhibitor made it an ideal candidate for replacing traditional phosphate-based chemicals, offering significant benefits without the environmental drawbacks.
This development coincided with an increased emphasis on water conservation and more efficient industrial water treatment systems in the 1980s and 1990s.
Over the years, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid found widespread use not only in water treatment but also in a variety of other industries, including oil and gas, textiles, detergents, and pulp and paper.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s ability to chelate metal ions, prevent scaling, and improve operational efficiency made it indispensable in industries that rely on water-intensive processes.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s continued evolution has led to further improvements in formulation and application methods, expanding its use to specialized areas such as reverse osmosis systems and enhanced oil recovery.
In the 21st century, Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid has gained significant attention due to its compatibility with environmental sustainability goals and its growing importance in global water treatment solutions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid’s development marked a turning point in the quest for more eco-friendly, effective chemicals in industrial applications, and it remains a key player in the chemical industry today.
Handling and Storage of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Handling:
Use Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood, to avoid inhalation of vapors or aerosols.
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing when handling Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes.
In case of accidental exposure, immediately rinse affected areas with water.
Handle Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid carefully to avoid spillage or splashes.
Storage:
Store in tightly sealed containers to prevent contamination or degradation.
Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from heat sources and incompatible substances.
Avoid storing Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid near strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Ensure that storage areas are clearly labeled with appropriate hazard symbols and warnings.
Reactivity and Stability of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Reactivity:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid reacts with strong oxidizing agents, highly alkaline substances, and concentrated acids.
Decomposes at high temperatures (above 200°C), releasing phosphorus-containing compounds.
Stability:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is stable in neutral and slightly alkaline conditions.
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid is not readily hydrolyzed and remains effective under most industrial conditions, such as in water treatment and oilfield applications.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or conditions that could lead to chemical instability.
First Aid Measures of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms such as dizziness, coughing, or shortness of breath develop, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.
Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, consult a physician.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.
Firefighting Measures of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO2), or water spray to extinguish fires involving Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid.
Special Hazards:
Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid may decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic phosphorus-containing compounds.
Use water with caution to avoid creating hazardous reactions.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear to avoid exposure to fumes or decomposition products.
Accidental Release Measures of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate the area if necessary.
Wear protective equipment to avoid exposure to Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid and its vapors.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent further release to the environment. Avoid contact with water or soil.
Do not let Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid enter drains or watercourses.
Spill Cleanup:
Contain the spill with absorbent material such as sand or earth.
Collect and place the material in a suitable, labeled waste container for disposal.
Clean the area with water and ensure proper ventilation.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation, especially in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas, to avoid inhalation of Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid vapors or aerosols.
Fume hoods or exhaust systems should be used when handling Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid in large quantities.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to prevent eye contact.
Skin Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (such as nitrile) and protective clothing to avoid skin exposure.
Respiratory Protection:
If airborne concentrations exceed recommended limits, use a suitable respirator with organic vapor cartridges.
Identifiers of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
CAS Number: 37971-36-1
EC Number: 253-274-3
IUPAC Name: Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid
Molecular Formula: C8H11O7P
Molecular Weight: 246.14 g/mol
InChI Key: KXZGQBGUMVYPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES Notation: C(C(C(C(=O)O)P(=O)(O)O)C(=O)O)C
UN Number: Not assigned
HS Code: 2931.00
Properties of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Boiling point: 545.2±60.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.25 (50% aq.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Solubility: Completely miscible in water
pka: 1.14±0.10(Predicted)
Form: clear liquid
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: 909g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.66 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 37971-36-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid (37971-36-1)
Relative density (20°C) 1.275.
Freezing point -15°C.
Has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition properties.
Acid resistance, alkali resistance, oxidant resistance.
When pH>14, 2-Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid still does not hydrolyze, and the thermal stability is good.
Boiling point: 545.2±60.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.25 (50% aq.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Solubility: Completely miscible in water
pka: 1.14±0.10(Predicted)
Form: clear liquid
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: 909g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.66 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 37971-36-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid (37971-36-1)
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline solid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Molecular Formula: C8H11O7P
Molecular Weight: 246.14 g/mol
Density: Approximately 1.37 g/cm³ (liquid form at 20°C)
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar solvents; sparingly soluble in organic solvents (e.g., toluene, chloroform)
pH: 1–3 (in aqueous solution)
Melting Point: 50–55°C (solid form)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Viscosity: Low to moderate viscosity
Hydrolytic Stability: Highly stable under neutral and alkaline conditions
Chemical Stability: Stable under typical industrial conditions; resistant to hydrolysis
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive at typical concentrations
Compatibility: Compatible with dispersants, biocides, and other scale inhibitors
Environmental Impact: Low phosphorus content, more environmentally friendly than traditional phosphonates
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and highly alkaline substances
Toxicity: Mild irritant to skin and eyes; not highly toxic
Stability Under Temperature: Stable between 10°C and 100°C
Decomposition: Decomposes at temperatures above 200°C, releasing phosphorus-containing compounds
Chelating Strength: Strong chelator of metal ions (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, copper)
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble, ideal for aqueous-based systems
Environmental Degradation: Low environmental impact but should be monitored in wastewater systems
Specifications of Phosphonobutane Tricarboxylic Acid:
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline solid
Purity: ≥ 98%
Molecular Weight: 246.14 g/mol
Density (at 20°C): 1.37 g/cm³
pH (1% aqueous solution): 1–3
Melting Point: 50–55°C
Viscosity: Low to moderate viscosity
Solubility: Soluble in water and polar solvents; sparingly soluble in organic solvents like toluene
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Chelating Capacity: Effective in chelating metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron
Phosphorus Content: Low phosphorus content, typically ≤ 0.5% by weight
Heavy Metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001% by weight
Free Acid: ≤ 2% by weight
Water Content: ≤ 1% by weight
Stability: Stable under neutral and alkaline conditions, not easily hydrolyzed