SODIUM HEXAFLUOROALUMINATE
SODIUM HEXAFLUOROALUMINATE
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, commonly known as cryolite, plays a pivotal role in various industries, serving as a flux agent in aluminum smelting, a key component in synthetic resins for abrasives, and an opacifier in glass and ceramic production.
Its discovery in 1799 by Peder Christian Abildgaard marked the beginning of its industrial applications, particularly in the extraction of aluminum from oxide ores, where its use significantly enhances energy efficiency compared to traditional methods.
With its unique physical properties including low refractive index and high solubility in aluminum oxides, sodium hexafluoroaluminate continues to be synthesized from fluorite for diverse industrial applications worldwide.
CAS Number: 13775-53-6
EC Number: 237-410-6
Chemical formula: Na3AlF6
Molar mass: 209.94 g/mol
Synonyms: Cryolite, Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium (8CI), Villiaumite, Sodium aluminum hexafluoride, Trinatriumhexafluoraluminate(3-), synthetic cryolite, aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3), Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-), trisodium aluminum hexafluoride, sodium aluminum fluoride, aluminum sodium fluoride, cryolite, synthetic, Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3), (OC-6-11)-, Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium, Aluminum sodium fluoride (Na3AlF6), Aluminum sodium fluoride (Na3AlF6), Aluminum sodium hexafluoride (AlNa3F6), Aluminum sodium hexafluoride (AlNa3F6), Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride, Hexafluoroaluminate de trisodium, Hexafluoroaluminato De Trisodio, Sodium Hexafluoroaluminate, Sodium aluminum fluoride, Sodium aluminum hexafluoride, Sodium fluoaluminate(3-), Sodium fluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6), Sodium fluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6), Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6), Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6), Sodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-), Trinatriumhexafluoraluminat, Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate, Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate(3-), Trisodium aluminum hexafluoride, Cryolite, Kryolite, Sodium aluminium hexafluoride, Sodium fluoroaluminate, Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate, CRYOLITE, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 15096-52-3, 13775-53-6, Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride, sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III), trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-), MFCD00003507, AlF6.3Na, UNII-5ZIS914RQ9, Na3AlF6, Sodium aluminium fluoride, Na3[AlF6], Aluminum sodium hexafluoride, trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate, sodiumhexafluoroaluminate(III), 5ZIS914RQ9, CHEMBL3988899, CHEBI:39289, sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-), Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 97%, trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-), sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III), trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-), 5473AF, AKOS025310262, trisodium hexakis(fluoranyl)aluminum(3-), Chromium Boride (Cr2B) Sputtering Targets, Cryolite, synthetic, >=97.0% (from F), FT-0624109, C18816, trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-), A809094, Q927885, J-008762, Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro- trisodium, (OC-6-11)-, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 99.98% trace metals basis, Cryolite,naturallyoccurringmineral,grains,approximately0.06-19in
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a biochemical for proteomics research.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used as a flux agent or bath material by aluminum smelters in the production of aluminum.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is also used in the production of synthetic resins for abrasives and in the manufacture of cutting or grinding discs.
Minor uses are as a coloring agent (opacifier) in the glass, ceramic and pyrotechnic industries.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite, which is used extensively in the industrial production of aluminium.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is an inorganic compound with formula Na₃AlF₆.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is the sodium salt of the hexafluoroaluminate ion.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is an inorganic compound with formula Na3AlF6.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, discovered in 1799 by Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801), occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite and is used extensively in the industrial production of aluminium metal.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is the sodium (Na+) salt of the hexafluoroaluminate (AlF63−) ion.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is an inorganic compound with formula Na3AlF6.
The mineral form of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, which is called cryolite is a biochemical for proteomics research.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is also used in the production of synthetic resins for abrasives and in the manufacture of cutting or grinding discs
Sodium aluminum hexafluoride is used as a solvent (or flux) for electrolysis aluminum oxides such as bauxite, whitener for enamels and an opacifier for glass and in the industrial production of aluminum.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a chemical compound of sodium, fluorine, and aluminum that occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used in the production of insecticides, in the glass and enamel industries, as well as being a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic manufacture of aluminium.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is also called cryolite, which molecular formula is Na3AlF6.
With excellent properties, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is not only an indispensable co-solvent in the aluminum smelting industry, but also widely used in other industries, such as opalizers in the enamel industry, opacifiers in the glass industry, and wear-resistant fillers in the rubber and grinding wheel industries.
Sodium Hexafluoroaluminate market:
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Sodium hexafluoroaluminate was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).
Pure Sodium hexafluoroaluminate itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and Sodium hexafluoroaluminate can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water; thus if immersed in water, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate becomes essentially invisible.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate was first described in 1799 by Danish veterinarian and physician Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740-1801).
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate was obtained from a deposit of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate in Ivigtut and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.
The name is derived from the Greek language words κρνος (cryos) = ice, and λιθος (lithos) = stone.
Due to Sodium hexafluoroaluminates rarity Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is possibly the only mineral on Earth ever to be mined to commercial extinction.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used as an insecticide and a pesticide.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is also used to give fireworks a yellow color.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used as a solvent for aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in the Hall–Héroult process, used in the refining of aluminum.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a white crystalline powder manufactured from hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used chiefly as a flux in the electrolytic production of aluminum as Sodium hexafluoroaluminate effectively lowers down the melting point of alumina.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, in making salts of sodium and aluminum and porcelaneous glass and in the manufacture of insecticides.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a relatively safe fruit and vegetable insecticide.
The fluoride ion inhibits many enzymes that contain iron, calcium, and magnesium.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a white or colorless mineral form of sodium aluminofluoride, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system but has a pseudocubic aspect; found in masses of waxy luster; hardness is 2.5 on Mohs scale, and specific gravity is 3.0.
The powder becomes almost invisible in water due to Sodium hexafluoroaluminates low refractive index.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is mined in significant quantities in Greenland ( so also known as Greenland spar; ice stone), and in small amounts in elsewhere.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is manufactured from hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used chiefly as a flux in the electrolytic production of aluminum from bauxite as Sodium hexafluoroaluminate effectively lowers down the melting point of alumina.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, in making salts of sodium and aluminum and porcelaneous glass and in the manufacture of insecticides.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a relatively safe fruit and vegetable insecticide.
The fluoride ion inhibits many enzymes that contain iron, calcium, and magnesium.
Several of these enzymes are involved in energy production in cells, as in the case of phosphatases and phosphorylases.
Use of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
The main application of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is as a solvent (or flux) for electrolysis of aluminium oxides such as bauxite.
The conversion of aluminium oxides into metallic aluminium requires that the metal ions be dissolved so that they can accept the electrons provided in the electrolysis cell.
A mixture of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate and some aluminium trifluoride is used as that solvent.
Unlike typical solutions, this one requires temperatures approaching 1000 °C to melt.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is also used as a pesticide.
Other uses include a whitener for enamels and an opacifier for glass.
Application of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is mainly used as a flux for aluminum electrolysis, and also as a wear-resistant additive for grinding products, which can effectively improve the wear-resistant cutting force of the grinding wheel and prolong Sodium hexafluoroaluminates service life and storage time.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a flux for ferroalloy and boiling steel, non-ferrous metals and soldering materials, a deoxidizer for casting, a catalyst for olefin polymerization, and an anti-reflective coating and opacifierfor glass, an emulsifier for enamel, a filler for ceramic industry, and a pesticide for agriculture, etc.
Preparation of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with aluminium oxide and hydrofluoric acid.
6 NaOH + Al2O3 + 12 HF → 2 Na3AlF6 + 9 H2O
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates out of the solution, due to Sodium hexafluoroaluminates very low solubility in water.
Production of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Most Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is manufactured by a variety of related pathways.
One route entails combining sodium aluminate and hydrofluoric acid:
Na3Al(OH)6 + 6 HF → Na3AlF6 + 6 H2O
Often the hexafluorosilicic acid, which is recovered from phosphate mining, is the precursor in a two-step process beginning with neutralization with ammonia to give ammonium hexafluorosilicate:
H3AlF6 + 3 NH3 → (NH4)3AlF6
(NH4)3AlF6 + 3 NaOH → Na3AlF6 + 3 NH3 + 3 H2O
The mineral form of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, which is called cryolite, was mined at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland until the deposit was depleted in 1987.
Properties of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Chemical Properties:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate will dissolve aluminium oxide and the electrolysis of this mixture will give aluminium metal.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is mostly inert to most reagents and oxidizers.
Physical Properties:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is a white solid, insoluble in water or other solvents.
Solubility of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is poorly soluble in water.
The LD50 is 600 mg/kg for the comparable compound aluminium trifluoride.
Availability of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is sold by various chemical suppliers.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate can also be bought online.
Natural Sodium hexafluoroaluminate can be found in various parts of the world, such as Greenland or several US states.
The requirements for sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is rarely produced in nature and is usually manufactured artificially.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminates consumption in the aluminum industry is large, and the annual consumption in the world is about 700,000 tons.
As a flux for electrolytic aluminum smelting, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate must meet certain requirements in terms of sodium to aluminum molecular ratio, impurity content, and water content.
The ratio of sodium to aluminum in Sodium hexafluoroaluminate should be as high as possible.
The higher the molecular ratio, the higher the current efficiency of electrolytic aluminum smelting, the less fluorine loss, and the less environmental pollution Sodium hexafluoroaluminate causes.
Moreover, sodium hexafluoroaluminate with high molecule ratio is more suitable for use in industries other than the aluminum industry.
The content of impurities such as silicon oxide, iron oxide and phosphorus pentoxide in Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is low.
These impurities will directly affect the quality of aluminum ingots and the current efficiency of aluminum smelting.
The water content of sodium hexafluoroaluminate should be as low as possible.
Water will increase the consumption of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate.
Storage of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate doesn’t require special storage conditions.
Any clean plastic bottle can be used as storage container.
Safety of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate has relative low toxicity.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is often used as roach killer.
Disposal Methods of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate doesn’t require special disposal.
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate can be dumped in the trash.
Identifiers of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
CAS Number: 13775-53-6
ChEBI: CHEBI:39289
UNII: 5ZIS914RQ9
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID90872955
InChI:
InChI=1S/Al.6FH.3Na/h;6*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;3*+1/p-6
Key: REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H
InChI=1/Al.6FH.3Na/h;6*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;3*+1/p-6/rAlF6.3Na/c2-1(3,4,5,6)7;;;/q-3;3*+1
Key: REHXRBDMVPYGJX-ZWHJLPLDAC
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F
Quality Level: 100
assay: 97%
form: powder
reaction: suitability
reagent type: catalyst
core: aluminum
density: 2.9 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: F[Al](F)(F)(F)(F)(F)([Na])([Na])[Na]
InChI: 1S/Al.6FH.3Na/h;6*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;3*+1/p-6
InChI key: REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H
CAS Number: 13775-53-6
Molecular Weight: 209.94
EC Number: 237-410-6
MDL number: MFCD00003507
NACRES: NA.23
Properties of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Chemical formula: Na3AlF6
Molar mass: 209.94 g/mol
Appearance: white powder
Density: 2.9 g/cm3, solid
Melting point: 950 °C (1,740 °F; 1,220 K)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 0.04% (20°C)
Vapor pressure: essentially 0
An odorless white solid or powder.
mp: 1291°C.
Density: 2.95 g/cm3.
Dust irritates the eyes and skin; inhaled dust irritates the nose, mouth and lungs.
Insoluble in water.
Synthesized by fusion of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride as a electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminum metal.
Occurs in nature as the mineral cryolite.
Aqueous suspensions of powdered sodium aluminum fluoride are used as insecticides.
Names of Sodium hexafluoroaluminate:
Sodium fluoroaluminate
Cryolite
Kryolite
Aluminate(3-)
Hexafluoro-
Trisodium
(OC-6-11)-