SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a white solid that dissolves in water.
CAS Number: 7775-27-1
EC Number: 231-892-1
Molecular Formula: Na2S2O8
Molar mass: 238.10 g/mol
Synonyms: sodium peroxodisulfate, sodium persulfate, Sodium persulfate, 7775-27-1, Sodium peroxydisulfate, Sodium peroxodisulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt, disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate, J49FYF16JE, DTXSID4029698, DTXCID009698, Disodium peroxodisulphate, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2), sodium persulphate, CAS-7775-27-1, Persulfate de sodium, Persulfate de sodium [French], Sodium peroxydisulphate, Disodium peroxydisulfate, EINECS 231-892-1, MFCD00003501, UN1505, UNII-J49FYF16JE, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt, sodium peroxidisulfate, ORISTAR SP, Sodium peroxy disulfate, Na2S2O8, EC 231-892-1, SODIUM PERSULFATE [MI], SODIUM PERSULFATE [INCI], SODIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF], CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L, Tox21_201326, Tox21_303592, SODIUM PERSULFATE (NA2S2O8), AKOS025244086, NCGC00257410-01, NCGC00258878-01, Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer], disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide, FT-0698963, Q419438, Sodium persulfate [Wiki], [(Sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxydanide de disodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 231-892-1 [EINECS], 7775-27-1 [RN], Dinatrium-[(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide [ACD/IUPAC Name], Disodium peroxodisulphate, J49FYF16JE, MFCD00003501, Persulfate de sodium [French], SE0525000, Sodium peroxodisulfate, SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE, DISODIUM PEROXODISULFATE, disodium sulfato sulfate, disodium sulfonatooxy sulfate, disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate, EINECS 231-892-1, Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt, Persulfate de sodium [French], persulfato de sódio [Portuguese], Sodium peroxidisulfate, sodium peroxydisulphate, Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer], Sodium persulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid disodium salt, Sodium persulphate, sodiumpersulfate, UNII:J49FYF16JE, UNII-J49FYF16JE
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate appears as a white crystalline solid.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is Very irritating to skin and eyes.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate may be toxic by skin absorption.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is Used as a bleaching agent.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent.
Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.
Further, Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a white crystalline salt that is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also known as Sodium persulfate or simply “SPS.”
Sodium Peroxydisulfate has a molecular formula of Na2S2O8 and a molar mass of 238.13 g/mol.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is soluble in water and is commonly used in the production of polymers, detergents, and in various industrial applications.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate exists as colorless crystals or a white, crystalline powder.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate has a melting point of 150 °C and is slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is extremely stable at room temperature but can decompose at higher temperatures or when exposed to ultraviolet light to release oxygen gas.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with organic compounds to release heat and gases.
Applications of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
Environmental remediation agents:
Contaminated soil remediation, water treatment (wastewater purification); Waste gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. mercury).
Polymerization:
The initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization solution, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other products, but also styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloidal copolymerization initiator.
Metal treatment:
Cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces (e.g., in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits).
Activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used to speed up the processing of low concentration formalin adhesive.
A modifier used in the production of starch and used as a desorption agent in the production of adhesives and coatings.
Cosmetics:
Essential ingredient in bleaching formulations.
Textiles:
Depulsing agents and bleaches – especially for low temperature bleaching.
Hair dye:
It is one of the basic components of hair dye and plays a decolorizing role.
Others:
Chemical synthesis; Disinfectant; Water treatment, purification and disinfection; Waste gas treatment; Oxidative degradation of hazardous substances (e.g. mercury); Paper (low temperature bleaching especially in pulping); Water-reducing agent for mixing suspected soil; In petroleum exploitation, used for fracturing fluid of oil well broken glue agent.
Application Fields:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is initiator for the emulsion or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate,vinyl chloride etc. and for theemulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is oxidizing agent, used in cleaning and pickling of metal surface, accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives andmodification of starch, production of binders and coating materials.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is desizing agent and bleach activator.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is an essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used in Chemical synthesis.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate, also known as Sodium persulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13.
Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate.
Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, Sodium Peroxydisulfate decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃).
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃).
Sodium Peroxydisulfate has strong oxidizing.
There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate should be Sealed storage.
Heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain Sodium Peroxydisulfate in the Laboratory.
Strong oxidants:
With strong oxidizing, Sodium Peroxydisulfate can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction.
Due to its oxidizing properties, Sodium Peroxydisulfate can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization.
Uses of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer.
Other Uses:
Sodium Peroxydisulfateis a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation. It is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.
Further, Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.
Synthesis And Characterization of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is produced by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate.
The reaction produces hydrogen gas and persulfate ions, which then form Sodium Peroxydisulfate.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate can also be synthesized through reaction between hydrogen peroxide and sodium metabisulfite.
The resulting solution is then treated with ammonia to obtain pure Sodium Peroxydisulfate.
Characterization of Sodium Peroxydisulfate can be performed with several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.
These methods help to determine the crystal structure, composition, and morphology of the compound.
Analytical Methods of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate can be analyzed using several methods, including chemical analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, and chromatography.
These techniques are used to determine the purity, concentration, and properties of the compound.
Biological Properties of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is generally considered safe to use in scientific experiments.
However, some studies have suggested that Sodium Peroxydisulfate may have harmful effects on aquatic organisms and may cause skin or eye irritation in humans.
More research is needed to understand the potential biological effects of Sodium Peroxydisulfate.
Production of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium bisulfate:
2NaHSO4⟶Na2S2O8+H2
Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.
In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.
The standard redox potential of Sodium Peroxydisulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).
The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.
However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical).
Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives to the conventional platinum electrodes.
Structure of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
The sodium and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the sodium salt, the O-O distance is 1.476 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.
Preparation Method of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
1. The electrolytic oxidation of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate is to obtain ammonium persulfate, and then metathesis reaction with sodium hydroxide, after the expulsion of the ammonia by-product, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, crystallization, drying, to obtain sodium sulfate.
(NH4) 2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2NH3 + 2H2O.
2. Dithionic acid can be prepared by electrolysis of cold sulfuric acid won, which reacts with alkali and then obtain sodium sulfate.
2HSO4–2e → H2S2O8
H2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2H2O.
Organic Chemistry of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator
Handling and Storage of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is easy and safe to handle.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials.
Conditions/ substances to avoid mixing persulfates with are: moisture, heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, reducing agents, organic material, sodium peroxide, aluminum and powdered metals.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is bleaching and oxidizing agent; promoter for emulsion polymerization reactions.
Sodium peroxydisulfate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.
Further, Sodium Peroxydisulfate is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.
Storage class (TRGS 510):
8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Stability and Reactivity of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
First Aid Measures of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area.
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting Measures of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental Release Measures of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Exposure controls/personal protection of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove’s outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Identifiers of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
CAS Number: 7775-27-1
Molecular Formula: Na₂O₈S₂
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: >300°C
Molecular Weight: 238.1
Storage: -20°C, Hygroscopic
Solubility: Water (Slightly)
Stability: Hygroscopic
Properties of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Chemical formula: Na2S2O8
Molar mass: 238.10 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Density: 2.601 g/cm3
Melting point 180 °C: (356 °F; 453 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: 55.6 g/100ml (20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 238.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 237.88299787 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 237.88299787 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 150Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 206
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical Form: Crystalline
Assay Percent: Range 98%
Solubility Information: Soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 238.1
Density: 2.40 g/mL
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium peroxydisulfate
Category: Research Tools; Materials;
Assay (iodometric): ≥ 99.0 %
Identity: passes test
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.01 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.003 %
NH₄ (Ammonium): ≤ 0.05 %
Cr (Chromium): ≤ 0.001 %
Cu (Copper): ≤ 0.001 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0005 %
Mn (Manganese): ≤ 0.0001 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.001 %
Loss on drying (105 °C; 3 hours): ≤ 0.05 %
appearance: white crystal powder
ASSAY [Na2S2O8] ω/ %: ≥99.0%
Fe ω/ %: ≤0.001%
Mn ω/ %: ≤0.0001%
chloride(CL) ω/ %: ≤0.005%
AMMONIUM SALT [NH4] ω/ %: ≤0.20%
MOISTURE ω/ %: ≤0.10%
heavy metal (Pb) ) ω/ %: ≤0.001%
ACTIVE OXYGEN: ≥6.65%
PH(50g/L solution) ω/ %: 3.5~5.5
Specifications of Sodium Peroxydisulfate:
Appearance: White Crystal
Purity (Na2S2O8): min. %99 (w/w)
Active Oxygen: min. %6.65 (w/w)
Acid Content (as H2SO4): max. %0.10 (w/w)
Iron (Fe): max. 5ppm
Heavy Metals (as Pb): max. 5ppm
Color: White to Yellow
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder and/or Crystals
Quantity: 500 g
Assay Percent Range: 98+%
Linear Formula: Na2S2O8
Fieser: 01,1102; 03,267
Merck Index: 15, 8787
Formula Weight: 238.09
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (Iodometry)
Identification: Pass Test