TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a versatile inorganic compound with a broad range of industrial and commercial applications, valued for its chelating, dispersing, and buffering properties.

In the food industry, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is classified as a food additive (E450) and is extensively used to enhance the texture and stability of processed foods, including meats, seafood, and cheeses.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a powerful water-softening agent and is often included in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and industrial cleaners to improve cleaning efficiency by preventing mineral precipitation in hard water.

CAS Number: 7722-88-5

EC Number: 231-767-1

Molecular Formula: Na₄P₂O₇

Molecular Weight: 398.18 g/mol.

Synonyms: Sodium pyrophosphate, TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, 7722-88-5, TSPP, Tetrasodium diphosphate, Phosphotex, Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt, Sodium diphosphate, Victor TSPP, Caswell No. 847, Sodium pyrophosphate [USAN], Sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic, Natrium pyrophosphat, Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt, Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous, Natrium pyrophosphat [German], Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7), HSDB 854, MFCD00003513, Na4P2O7, DTXSID9042465, CHEBI:71240, O352864B8Z, Sodium pyrophosphate (USAN), Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic, Tetranatriumpyrophosphat [German], EINECS 231-767-1, NSC 56751, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076405, Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic, tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate, UNII-O352864B8Z, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydride, SODIUMPYROPHOSPHATE, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, Na4O7P2, EC 231-767-1, Diphosphoric acid sodium salt, DTXCID7022465, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [II], Sodium diphosphate (Na4(P2O7)), SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC], Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB], CS-B1771, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], tetrasodium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate, Tox21_110033, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MART.], SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [WHO-DD], TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MI], AKOS015914004, AKOS024418778, Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4), TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI], NCGC00013687-01, CAS-7722-88-5, FT-0689073, D05873, E75941, EN300-332889, Q418504, 1004291-85-3

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a white, crystalline inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na₄P₂O₇.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a salt composed of four sodium ions and the pyrophosphate anion.

Known for Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s ability to chelate metal ions and soften water.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is widely used across various industries.

In food processing, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and stabilizer, particularly in processed meat, seafood, and dairy products.

In detergents, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate enhances cleaning efficacy by breaking down mineral deposits and preventing the redeposition of soil particles.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also used in ceramic production, as a dispersing agent, and in toothpastes to prevent tartar buildup.

While Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is considered safe in regulated amounts, overexposure or ingestion in high quantities may cause irritation or adverse effects.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s applications highlight its versatility, but its environmental impact, particularly in contributing to water eutrophication, requires careful management.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in water softener, buffering agent, thickening agent, dispersing agent, wool de-fatting agent, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss. 

In addition, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is an inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. 

More commonly known as Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate contains a diphosphate(4-).

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive. 

The related substance Tetrasodium pyrophosphate occurs as colorless transparent crystals. 

Loses Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s water when heated to 93.8°C.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7. 

As a salt, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a white, water-soluble solid. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in water softener, detergent, emulsifying agent, metal cleaner and nutritional supplement. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a buffering agent, thickening agent and dispersing agent. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss. 

In addition, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is an anhydrous, white, crystalline material in powder form. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a dispersing agent, sequestrant, buffering agent, protein modifier, and coagulant.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used to modify the proteins enabling them to retain moisture during storage, thawing, and cooking.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate also increases shelf life of the product by sequestering multivalent cations responsible for lipid oxidation and rancidity development. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is added to improve whipping efficiency and improve foam stability. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate helps to buffer the pH of the processed cheese and interacts with milk proteins to promote emulsification. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate sequesters iron in potato products to prevent after-cooking blackening and to stabilize color. 

To maintain fat dispersion in an ice cream/dessert mix, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate may be added so “churning” will not form lumps of butter during freezing.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals with the formula Na4P2O7. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate contains the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is widely used as an emulsifying salt (ES) in process cheese. 

Common foods containing Tetrasodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is the active ingredient in Bakewell, the substitute for baking powder’s acid component marketed during shortages in World War II. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also used in some common baking powders.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a versatile inorganic compound with a broad range of industrial and commercial applications. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate appears as a white, crystalline powder or granular solid that is highly soluble in water, forming an alkaline solution. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is valued for its chelating, dispersing, and buffering properties, making it a key ingredient in many formulations. In the food industry, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is classified as a food additive (E450) and is extensively used to enhance the texture and stability of processed foods. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a sequestrant, emulsifier, and pH buffer, improving the quality and shelf life of products like processed meats, seafood, baked goods, and cheeses. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's ability to bind calcium and magnesium ions prevents undesirable reactions that could affect food texture and appearance. In cleaning and personal care products, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a powerful water-softening agent. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is often included in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and industrial cleaners to improve cleaning efficiency by preventing the precipitation of minerals in hard water. Additionally, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in toothpaste formulations to reduce tartar buildup and enhance oral hygiene. In industrial applications, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate serves as a dispersant in ceramics, paints, and pigments, helping to achieve uniform particle distribution. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also used in oil drilling to stabilize clay and reduce viscosity in drilling fluids. In the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is sometimes employed as a buffering agent or pH adjuster. While Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is considered safe for use in regulated quantities, improper handling or excessive exposure can lead to health and environmental concerns. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate may cause skin or eye irritation and can disrupt ecosystems if released in large amounts into water bodies, contributing to eutrophication due to its phosphorus content. Therefore, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's use and disposal are carefully controlled to minimize environmental impact. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s adaptability and effectiveness across diverse applications underline its significance in modern industries, but it also emphasizes the need for responsible use and compliance with safety regulations. Uses of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a ph of 10.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.8 g/100 ml at 25°c.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a coagulant in noncooked instant puddings to provide thicken- ing.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate functions in cheese to reduce the meltability and fat separa- tion.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a dispersant in malted milk and chocolate drink powders.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate prevents crystal formation in tuna.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also termed sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, and tspp. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is also be used as an additive in the food industry. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries. As a water softener; as a metal cleaner; as a dispersing and emulsifying agent. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.  Common foods containing Tetrasodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer. In toothpaste and dental floss, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing, but due to its phosphate content it causes eutrophication of water, promoting algae growth. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay. Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites. Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a multifunctional compound with a wide array of applications across various industries due to its unique chemical properties. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, with the chemical formula Na₄P₂O₇, is an extremely versatile compound utilized across numerous industries due to its distinct chemical and functional properties. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's applications span the food industry, cleaning products, personal care formulations, industrial processes, and even pharmaceuticals, making it a vital substance in both consumer and industrial goods. Food Industry Applications: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is widely used as a food additive (E450), primarily for its ability to improve texture, stability, and functionality in various food products. In processed meats, seafood, and poultry, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a water-binding agent, enhancing moisture retention and improving the texture and juiciness of the final product. This is particularly important in products like hot dogs, sausages, and canned seafood, where maintaining a consistent texture and appearance is critical. In bakery products, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is employed as a leavening agent in conjunction with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide, enabling dough to rise and produce light, fluffy baked goods. Additionally, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate functions as a sequestrant, binding metal ions like calcium and magnesium to prevent discoloration and undesirable chemical reactions that could affect the taste, appearance, and shelf life of processed foods. In cheeses, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate helps control pH levels and ensures uniform melting, making it a common ingredient in processed and spreadable cheese products. Cleaning and Detergent Industry Applications: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a critical ingredient in many cleaning formulations due to its ability to chelate metal ions and soften water. In laundry detergents, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate enhances cleaning efficacy by preventing the redeposition of soil on fabrics and removing mineral deposits that could dull colors or damage fibers. In dishwashing liquids, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate helps break down grease and remove tough stains, making it easier to clean dishes, cookware, and glassware. Industrial cleaners rely on Tetrasodium pyrophosphate for heavy-duty cleaning tasks, such as removing grease, oil, and stubborn residues from machinery, equipment, and surfaces. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's role as a water-softening agent is especially beneficial in hard water areas, as it prevents the formation of soap scum and mineral scale that can reduce the effectiveness of cleaning agents. Personal Care Product Applications: In the personal care sector, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a key ingredient in toothpaste formulations, where it helps reduce tartar buildup by chelating calcium in dental plaque. This contributes to improved oral hygiene and cleaner teeth. Additionally, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a polishing agent, enhancing the overall cleaning performance of toothpaste. In cosmetics, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent to maintain the desired pH level of formulations, ensuring stability and compatibility with skin and other ingredients. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's mild abrasive properties make it suitable for exfoliating products as well. Industrial Applications: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s role in industrial processes is vast and diverse. In ceramics and paint manufacturing, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate functions as a dispersant, ensuring uniform distribution of particles in liquid suspensions. This improves the quality and consistency of the final product, whether it is a ceramic glaze or a pigmented paint. In oil drilling, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is added to drilling fluids to reduce viscosity and stabilize clay formations, facilitating smoother drilling operations. In textiles, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate aids in fabric cleaning and treatment processes, ensuring fibers remain clean and free of residues that could affect their appearance or performance. Pharmaceutical and Water Treatment Applications: In the pharmaceutical industry, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is occasionally used as a buffering agent or stabilizer in drug formulations, where it helps maintain the efficacy and shelf life of active ingredients. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's ability to control pH levels is also valuable in cosmetic and topical preparations. In water treatment systems, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is employed to prevent scaling and corrosion by chelating metal ions and controlling mineral deposits. This makes Tetrasodium pyrophosphate an important additive in boilers, cooling systems, and other water-handling equipment. Environmental and Safety Considerations: While Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is generally recognized as safe when used within regulated limits, its environmental impact is a point of concern. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's high phosphorus content can contribute to eutrophication when released into water bodies, leading to excessive algal growth and the depletion of oxygen levels, which can harm aquatic ecosystems. In humans, improper handling or excessive exposure may cause skin, eye, or respiratory irritation. Consumer Uses: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay. Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites. Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Widespread uses by professional workers: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products and . Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles. Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Uses at industrial sites: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and polymers. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, mining and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and . Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles and as processing aid. Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Benefits of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a highly versatile compound offering numerous advantages in various industries. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's chemical properties make it valuable in food processing, cleaning, personal care, industrial applications, and water treatment. Below is a detailed explanation of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's key benefits: Benefits in Food Processing: Enhances Texture and Consistency: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate functions as a stabilizer and emulsifier, improving the texture and consistency of processed meats, seafood, and dairy products, making them more appealing and enjoyable for consumers. Improves Moisture Retention: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate acts as a water-binding agent, preventing dryness in processed foods such as sausages, hot dogs, and canned seafood, thereby enhancing juiciness and freshness. Maintains Optimal pH Levels: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate helps regulate pH levels in food products, ensuring stability, preventing spoilage, and extending shelf life. Prevents Discoloration and Off-Flavors: As a sequestrant, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate binds metal ions like calcium and magnesium, which could otherwise cause discoloration and undesirable chemical reactions in processed foods. Acts as a Leavening Agent: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate works in conjunction with baking soda to release carbon dioxide, aiding in the preparation of light, fluffy baked goods. Benefits in Cleaning and Detergent Products: Softens Hard Water: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate chelates calcium and magnesium ions, reducing water hardness and enhancing the effectiveness of soaps and detergents. Improves Stain Removal: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate helps break down grease, oil, and stubborn residues, making it an essential ingredient in dishwashing liquids and industrial cleaning agents. Prevents Soil Redeposition: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate keeps dirt and soil suspended in the cleaning solution, ensuring fabrics and surfaces remain clean and residue-free after washing. Prevents Scale Formation: By inhibiting mineral buildup, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate protects cleaning equipment and surfaces from scaling, extending their operational life. Boosts Efficiency in Cleaning: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate enhances the overall cleaning power of detergents and industrial cleaners, reducing the time and effort needed for effective cleaning. Benefits in Personal Care Products: Reduces Tartar Buildup in Toothpaste: In toothpaste formulations, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate binds calcium in dental plaque, preventing tartar buildup and promoting better oral hygiene. Acts as a Polishing Agent: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's mild abrasive properties help remove surface stains from teeth, leaving them cleaner and brighter without damaging enamel. Maintains Stability in Cosmetics: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate functions as a buffering agent in cosmetics, stabilizing formulations and maintaining the desired pH levels for skin compatibility. Supports Gentle Exfoliation: In skincare products, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's mild abrasive properties are suitable for gentle exfoliation, improving skin texture. Benefits in Industrial Applications: Ensures Uniform Dispersion in Ceramics and Paints: As a dispersant, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate facilitates even particle distribution in ceramics, pigments, and paints, ensuring high-quality finishes and consistent results. Improves Oil Drilling Operations: In oil drilling, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate stabilizes clay and reduces fluid viscosity, improving the efficiency of drilling processes. Aids in Textile Cleaning and Treatment: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate assists in the cleaning and treatment of fabrics, ensuring textiles are free from residues and maintaining their quality and appearance. Enhances Industrial Efficiency: By improving the flow and dispersion of materials, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate optimizes processes in manufacturing and reduces waste. Benefits in Water Treatment: Prevents Scaling in Water Systems: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate inhibits the formation of mineral deposits in boilers, cooling systems, and other water-handling equipment, ensuring efficient operation and reducing maintenance needs. Controls Corrosion: By chelating metal ions, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate minimizes corrosion in pipes and equipment, extending their lifespan. Improves Water Quality: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's water-softening capabilities make it an effective additive in water treatment systems, enhancing overall water quality. Environmental and Economic Benefits: Reduces Resource Waste: By enhancing the effectiveness of cleaning agents and other products, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate minimizes water and energy consumption. Versatility Across Applications: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's multifunctionality reduces the need for additional chemicals, lowering costs and simplifying formulations in various industries. Supports Sustainable Practices: When used responsibly, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate’s environmental impact, such as risks of eutrophication, can be minimized through proper disposal and usage practices. Enhances Consumer Experience: Improves Food Appeal: By enhancing texture, moisture, and stability, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate makes food products more appealing and enjoyable. Leads to Superior Cleaning Results: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate ensures spotless dishes, bright laundry, and effective industrial cleaning, meeting the expectations of consumers and professionals alike. Preparation of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is formed when pure disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is heated to 500℃ for 5 hours.  Tetrasodium pyrophosphate will contain better than 98 per cent Na4P2O7.  Crystalline masses large enough for optical measurements are produced by heating in platinum to above the melting point of the Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 800°, and cooling slowly.  Higher temperatures or longer heating times do not change the Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, as this is the final product in the dehydration of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate. Production of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is produced through a chemical process involving the thermal condensation of disodium phosphate. Initially, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is neutralized with sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄). This intermediate is then heated to high temperatures (around 400–500°C), causing a condensation reaction that results in the formation of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇). The reaction releases water as a byproduct: Reaction: 2Na 2HPO4 →​ Na4P2O7+H2O The resulting product is cooled, milled, and sieved to obtain a fine, white crystalline powder. This production process ensures Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is of high purity, meeting the specifications required for its various applications in food, cleaning, industrial processes, and personal care products. Additionally, the process is designed to minimize waste and ensure environmental compliance, particularly in large-scale industrial production. Occurence of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a synthetic compound that does not naturally occur in significant quantities in the environment. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's production relies on industrial processes, as the specific conditions required for its formation are not typically found in nature. However, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate's raw material, phosphate, is abundant and widely distributed. Phosphates are naturally present in minerals such as apatite, which is a primary source for producing phosphoric acid and related compounds. They are also integral to the phosphorus cycle, occurring in soil, water, and biological systems where they play critical roles in nutrient availability and cellular processes. While Tetrasodium pyrophosphate itself is not naturally available, its foundation lies in these naturally occurring phosphate sources, which are processed and refined to create this versatile and widely used synthetic compound. History of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate has a long history of use in various industrial applications, stemming from the broader development of phosphate chemistry. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate was first synthesized in the early 20th century, following the discovery and understanding of pyrophosphates and their chemical properties. Phosphates themselves have been known for centuries, with the use of phosphate-rich minerals dating back to ancient times for agricultural and fertilizing purposes. However, the specific development of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate as a key chemical compound for use in industries such as detergents, food processing, and water treatment began in the 1930s and 1940s, as chemical industries began to explore its water-softening and dispersing properties. Over time, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate became integral to a variety of sectors due to its effectiveness in stabilizing formulations, improving product quality, and facilitating industrial processes. The increased demand for phosphates in the 20th century, especially during the post-World War II era, led to advancements in the production methods for Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, making it widely available for commercial use. Today, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate continues to be a key ingredient in numerous products, ranging from detergents to food additives, demonstrating its lasting importance in modern chemical industries. Handling and Storage of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Handling: Handle with care to avoid inhalation, skin, or eye contact. Use in well-ventilated areas, especially when handling in bulk quantities. Avoid creating dust clouds by using dust-free procedures or adequate dust collection systems. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Avoid contact with acids or reducing agents to prevent undesirable reactions. Storage: Store in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area. Keep containers tightly sealed to avoid moisture absorption, as Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is hygroscopic. Store away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids or reducing agents. Keep containers upright to prevent leaks or spills. Reactivity and Stability of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Stability: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is stable under normal conditions, such as room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is not sensitive to light or heat, making it suitable for long-term storage when kept in appropriate conditions. Avoid exposure to moisture, as Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can absorb water and degrade over time. Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids, releasing phosphoric acid and forming a salt. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate may react with strong reducing agents or metals under certain conditions, potentially releasing toxic gases. Can form complexes with divalent metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, which is the basis of its water-softening and dispersing properties. First Aid Measures of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open. If irritation or redness continues, seek medical attention. Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately. If symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or irritation occur, seek medical attention. Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Seek immediate medical attention. Firefighting Measures of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Flammability: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is non-flammable. Firefighting: Use appropriate extinguishing media for surrounding materials. For small fires, use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Protective Equipment: Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear when fighting fires in confined spaces or areas with limited ventilation. Avoid inhaling smoke and fumes from burning materials, as they may contain hazardous decomposition products. Accidental Release Measures of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Personal Precautions: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, goggles, and dust masks to avoid exposure. Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area. Ensure adequate ventilation in the affected area to minimize dust inhalation. Environmental Precautions: Prevent large spills from entering water sources, drains, or soil to avoid environmental contamination. In case of large releases, contain the spill and dispose of it following local environmental regulations. Methods for Cleaning Up: For small spills, carefully sweep up the material and place it into a suitable, labeled container for disposal. For larger spills, use vacuuming equipment or wet methods to minimize dust formation. Clean the area thoroughly after the material has been removed. Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Occupational Exposure Limits: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate does not have specific exposure limits set by OSHA or other regulatory agencies, but general dust control measures should be followed to minimize inhalation exposure. Engineering Controls: Use in a well-ventilated area to minimize airborne dust and reduce the risk of inhalation. Employ dust collection systems when handling large quantities of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate to prevent accumulation of particles in the air. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Eye Protection: Wear safety goggles or face shield to protect against dust and accidental splashes. Skin Protection: Wear gloves, especially when handling large amounts or in wet conditions. Respiratory Protection: Use a dust mask or NIOSH-approved respirator if dust concentrations are high or if working in confined spaces. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to avoid prolonged skin contact, especially when handling large quantities. Identifiers of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Chemical Name: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate IUPAC Name: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate CAS Number: 7722-88-5 EC Number: 231-767-1 Molecular Formula: Na₄P₂O₇ UN Number: 3256 SMILES Notation: O=P(O)(O)P(O)(O)O.[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na] InChI: InChI=1S/2Na.2H2O4P/c;;1-4(5)3-6(7)2/h;;2H2O4P InChI Key: ZYHHRNBZRXDFLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N PubChem CID: 5362122 FDA E Number: E450ii HS Code: 2835.39 Properties of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Melting point: 80 °C Boiling point: 93.8 °C Density: 2.53 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃ Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless Form: Granular Color: White Specific Gravity: 2.534 Odor: Odorless PH Range: 10.3 Water Solubility: Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethyl alcohol. Sensitive: Hygroscopic Merck: 14,9240 Exposure limits: NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. InChIKey: FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J CAS DataBase Reference: 7722-88-5(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (7722-88-5) Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules. Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate dissolves in water readily, particularly in warm water, due to its ionic nature. Melting Point: Approximately 988°C (1,810°F), which indicates its stability at high temperatures. Density: Around 2.64 g/cm³. Molecular Weight: 398.18 g/mol. Particle Size: Can be finely ground to various particle sizes depending on its use. Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules. Solubility: Highly soluble in water. Melting Point: 988°C. Density: 2.64 g/cm³. pH: Alkaline (pH 9–11 in solution). Chemical Formula: Na₄P₂O₇. Specifications of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Purity: ≥ 98% Assay (Na₄P₂O₇): 97%–99% Sodium (Na): Typically 28.0%–30.0% Phosphorus (P): Typically 24.0%–26.0% Water Content: ≤ 1% Insolubles: ≤ 0.5% Heavy Metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001% Arsenic (As): ≤ 0.0003% Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.001% Names of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Regulatory process names: Anhydrous tetrasodium pyrophosphate Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4) Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt Natrium pyrophosphat Phosphotex Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt Sodium diphosphate (Na4P2O7) Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7) Sodium pyrophosphate Sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic Tetranatriumpyrophosphat Tetrasodium diphosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous TSPP Victor TSPP IUPAC names: Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt phosphono dihydrogen phosphate Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, TSPP, tetra-Sodium diphosphate Sodium pyrophosphate tetrasodium (phosphonatooxy)phosphonate tetrasodium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate Tetrasodium diphosphate tetrasodium diphosphate tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate tetrasodium;phosphonato phosphate TSPP Trade names: pirofosforan czterosodowy PRAYPHOS TSPP 108 FG GR PRAYPHOS TSPP 118 Dental PRAYPHOS TSPP 118 FG Prayphos TSPP TG PURON Tetranatriumdiphosphat Tetranatriumpyrophosphat TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate TETRON TNPP TSPP Other identifiers: 1269628-79-6 13472-36-1 156460-73-0 7722-88-5 93269-17-1