TRIETHYL CITRATE
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Triethyl citrate is a biodegradable and non-toxic plasticizer used primarily in the production of flexible PVC products, food packaging, medical devices, and cosmetics.
Triethyl citrate is a colorless, odorless liquid that serves as a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to phthalates in various applications.
Triethyl citrate provides improvements over traditional plasticizers like di-butyl phthalate by offering lower volatility, better resistance to yellowing, and enhanced adhesion to metals.
CAS Number: 77-90-7
EC Number: 201-067-0
Molecular Formula: C20H34O8
Molecular Weight: 402.48 g/mol
Synonyms: 0ZBX0N59RZ, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2- (acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester [ACD/Index Name], 201-067-0 [EINECS], 2303316, 2-Acétoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate de tributyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3080, 4OV1XVO4&OV1&1OV4 [WLN], 77-90-7 [RN], Acetyl tributyl citrate, Acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, Acetyltributyl citrate, ATBC, Citric acid, tributyl ester, acetate (8CI), Citroflex A [Trade name], Estaflex ATC [Trade name], MFCD00043554 [MDL number], tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate [ACD/IUPAC Name], Tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, Tributyl 2-acetylcitrate, tributyl acetylcitrate, Tributyl citrate acetate [Wiki], Tributyl O-Acetylcitrate, Tributyl-2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propantricarboxylat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], TZ8330000, UNII-0ZBX0N59RZ, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-acetoxy-, tributyl ester, 1,2,3-tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, 1,2,3-tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, 1,2,3-tributyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester; Citric acid, tributyl ester, acetate; Blo-trol; Citroflex A; Citroflex A 4; Tributyl acetylicitrate; Tributyl citrate acetate; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate; 2-Acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid tributyl ester; Acetyl tributyl citrate; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester; Acetyl butyl citrate; Acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate; Acetylcitric acid, tributyl ester; Estaflex ATC; O-Acetylcitric acid tributyl ester; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate; Uniplex 84; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-acetoxy-, tributyl ester; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester; NSC 3894
Triethyl citrate is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid that is commonly used as a plasticizer.
Plasticizers are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of materials, especially plastics.
Triethyl citrate is used primarily in the production of flexible PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products, where it helps to make the material more flexible and easier to handle.
Triethyl citrate is considered to be a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to some other plasticizers, such as phthalates, which have been associated with health risks.
Because of its low toxicity and biodegradability, Triethyl citrate is often used in products that come into contact with food, such as food packaging, as well as in medical devices, toys, and cosmetics.
Additionally, Triethyl citrate can also be found in coatings, inks, and adhesives, where it functions as a plasticizer or solvent.
Triethyl citrate’s versatility and favorable safety profile make it a widely used additive in various industries.
Triethyl citrate is an organic compound that is used as a plasticizer.
As such, Triethyl citrate is a potential replacement of DEHP and DINP.
Triethyl citrate is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents.
Triethyl citrate is found in nail polish and other cosmetics.
Triethyl citrate is prepared by acetylation of tributylcitrate.
Triethyl citrate is belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are carboxylic acids containing exactly four carboxyl groups.
Triethyl citrate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
Triethyl citrate is a very faint, sweet, and herbal tasting compound. Outside of the human body,.
Triethyl citrate is a potentially toxic compound.
Triethyl citrate is a flavouring ingredient and plasticiser used in packaging films for food.
Triethyl citrate are based on natural citric acid raw material, which is mainly derived from the fermentation of corn. The esters have a long history of use in food and beverage, flavoring, medical, and pharmaceutical applications.
Triethyl citrate is widely used in children’s toys and food contact applications.
Triethyl citrate provides many improvements over di-butyl phthalate in cellulose nitrate films, including lower volatility, better resistance to yellowing, and better adhesion to metals.
Triethyl citrate is effective in solution coating both paperboard and foil.
Triethyl citrate is an excellent plasticizer for vinyl toys.
Triethyl citrate is also used as plasticizer for bioplastics such as a poly lactic acid, cellulose acetate, and poly hydroxyalkanoic acid.
Triethyl citrate, is a plasticizer which can easily substitute those plasticizers to be phased out by the EU by February 2015.
Actually, one of the main Triethyl citrate application is substitution of Phthalates plasticizers (Triethyl citrate is a Phthalate-FREE, bio based plasticizer).
Triethyl citrate is a safe, non-toxic plasticizer, biodegradable, mainly used as plasticizer of PVC, cellulose resin and synthetic rubber. Some of Triethyl citrate’s main applications are toys for children, medical products such as blood bags, food packaging materials, and cosmetics; as well as all main PVC compounds, and fixative of inks in the flexographic industry.
Because of the growing market request for Phthalate-FREE plasticizers and environmental friendly materials, Triethyl citrateis the best and more competitive choice in an increasing variety of applications.
Triethyl citrate is almost colourless and odourless oily liquid, free of foreign materials, insoluble in water but soluble in alcohols and organic solvents.
Compared with benzoates plasticizers, Triethyl citrate is perfectly odourless.
Compared with other Phthalate-FREE plasticizers, Triethyl citrate is biodegradable, biobased and it is not a kind of hydrogenated phthalate.
Triethyl citrate is recognized as a Safe and Biodegradable plasticizer, with fewer biochemical effects.
Mainly used as a nontoxic plasticizer in PVC, cellulose resin and synthetic rubber, Triethyl citrate is also valued for its biodegradability in nail polishes and other cosmetics.
Triethyl citrate provides many improvements over di-butyl phthalate in cellulose nitrate films due to its lower volatility, better resistance to yellowing and better adhesion to metals.
Triethyl citrate can widely be found in children’s toys, especially vinyl toys, medical products and food contact applications.
Triethyl citrate can also be used as a plasticizer in bio-plastics such as poly lactic acid, cellulose acetate and poly hydroxyalkanoic acid.
Triethyl citrate is an almost colourless and odourless oily liquid, which is in soluble in water but soluble in alcohols and organic solvents and is suitable as plasticizer for PVC compounding.
Triethyl citrate, also known as Acetyltributylcitrate, is a colorless liquid organic compound that is used in industry as a plasticizer in the manufacture of nail polish and other cosmetics.
Triethyl citrate is prepared by acetylation of tributylcitrate and is considered a potential replacement of DEHP and DINP.
Triethyl citrate is a flavouring ingredient and plasticiser used in packaging films for food.
Triethyl citrate is a very good plasticizer for PVC and cellulosic derivatives.
Triethyl citrate improves light stability and it has good solvating properties for rubber and PVC.
Since Triethyl citrate has good low temperature properties and also is a non-toxic plasticizer, Triethyl citrate can be used in food contact applications.
Triethyl citrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum. Triethyl citrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Triethyl citrate is almost colourless and odourless oily liquid, free of foreign materials which is in soluble in water but soluble in alcohols and organic solvents and is miscible and compatible with all the monomeric plasticizers of PVC compounding. Triethyl citrate is a kind of nonpoisonous, tasteless and safe plasticizer. Triethyl citrate is heat resistant, low temperature resistance, light resistance, water resistance etc. Triethyl citrate is an organic compound that is used as a plasticizer. As such, Triethyl citrate is a potential replacement of DEHP and DINP. Triethyl citrate is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. Triethyl citrate is found in nail polish and other cosmetics. Triethyl citrate is prepared by acetylation of tributylcitrate. Triethyl citrate is suitable for the production of food package,children's toy and medical product. Triethyl citrate is allowed to be used as the material of package of meat and toys. Because of the good nature, Triethyl citrate is widly used in the package of meat and milk product, PVC medical product and chewing gum, Resin will have good transparency after plastification and have low volatility and sampling fraction Lube oil, made with Triethyl citrate, has good lubrication property. Triethyl citrate Market Outlook: Triethyl citrate as a non-toxic plasticizer has a unique function: Triethyl citrate has very low acute toxicity, mice oral test up to 30g / kg. The recent subacute toxicity test study (90 days) showed that even in the case of Triethyl citrate feeding concentrations up to 5%, the liver did not noticeably. Triethyl citrate in two days can be biodegradable, so that the risk of ecological accumulation to a minimum. Triethyl citrate can almost 1: 1 alternative DOP. Compared with DINP, Triethyl citrate use less, the effect is better. Triethyl citrate plasticized PVC, its plasticizing performance and DOP quite. Triethyl citrate plasticized PVC its thermal stability and DINP considerable. Triethyl citrate plasticized products, the smooth surface of its products, no dialysis. Use and Benefits of Triethyl Citrate: Triethyl citrate is mainly used film forming agent, sometimes as a flavoring agent, in sunscreens as well Triethyl citrate is used as plasticizer in nail varnishes and can effectively replace phthalate-based plasticizers. Triethyl citrate is also used in hair styling products to increase the flexibility of polymer films. Triethyl citrate is used as plasticizer of low toxicity, found in nail polish and other cosmetics. Triethyl citrate's chemical formula is C20H34O8. Triethyl citrate exists as a clear, colorless liquid. Triethyl citrate is a used as a biodegradable plasticizer for PVC and cellulose derivates, and Triethyl citrate is approved for food contact materials and can even been used as a food additive. Triethyl citrate is also used as an emollient for personal care/cosmetics products such as aerosol hair sprays and nail polishes. In addition, Triethyl citrate can be used for pharmaceutical coatings (USP grade available), lubricants, and inks. Innocuous plasticizer, mainly used as plasticizer of PVC, cellulose resin and synthetic rubber. Triethyl citrate is used in innocuous PVC grain; produce food packaging material; medical products; flavoring; essence; soft toys for children; cosmetics. Triethyl citrate is also used as stabilizer of polyvinylidene chloride. Triethyl citrate is non-toxic plasticizer. Triethyl citrate is widely used as the plasticizer of PVC, cellulsic resin, synthetic rubber. Triethyl citrate is used for non-toxic PVC granulation, food packaging containers, children's toys, medical products, films, plates, cellulose coatings and other products. Triethyl citrate is also used as stabilizer of polyvinylidene chloride. Consumer Uses: Triethyl citrate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, polymers, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products. Other release to the environment of Triethyl citrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives). Other Consumer Uses: Adhesives and sealants Automotive care products Ink, toner, and colorant products Non-TSCA use Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere Widespread uses by professional workers: Triethyl citrate is used in the following products: coating products, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products and washing & cleaning products. Triethyl citrate is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Triethyl citrate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products. Other release to the environment of Triethyl citrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Uses at industrial sites: Triethyl citrate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, polymers, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, paper chemicals and dyes, polishes and waxes and textile treatment products and dyes. Triethyl citrate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, printing and recorded media reproduction and health services. Triethyl citrate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals and food products. Release to the environment of Triethyl citrate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid. Industry Uses: Intermediates Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Pigments Plasticizers Processing aids, not otherwise listed Applications of Triethyl Citrate: Triethyl citrate has low volatility, non-toxic and anti-mildew advantages. Triethyl citrate is major plasticizer for food package and medical polyvinyl chloride, as well as the package for precision instrument--polythene multipolymer, Plasticizer for poylthene and vinyl acetate multipolymer, also for slow releasing medicine, emulsion bond; Important component of the lubricant for the surface disposal of tinplate, air purifying agent, deodorant and printing ink etc. Triethyl citrate is non-toxic plasticizer. Triethyl citrate can be used as PVC, cellulose resin and synthetic rubber plasticizer. Triethyl citrate is used for non-toxic PVC granulation, food packaging containers, children's toy products, film, sheet, cellulose paint and other products. Triethyl citrate can also be used as stabilizer of polyvinylidene chloride. Triethyl citrate in the 1970s has been widely used in medical machinery, and as for the use of PVC plasma bags, infusion tubes, etc., and now to ease the sheet of plasticizer. Currently widely used in the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Italy, New Zealand and other dozens of developed countries, which replaced the original toxic phthalate esters. Triethyl citrate can be biodegradable plastic, it can be 90 parts of polylactone, AJI was two 10, anti-blocking agent Siq content of 99%, 7 2 1 diameter, smooth powder C17 a qZ aliphatic phenol amine 1 composition. Triethyl citrate can also be made of heat shrinkable stretch film, is made using the above formula 0.13 ~ film. When the Triethyl citrate and the average molecular weight of 137,000 polylactide into biodegradable plastic. Triethyl citrate can be used as a lubricant, it can make the tinplate pressure when the container surface smooth and beautiful. Triethyl citrate is a non-toxic, odorless main plasticizer. Triethyl citrate as the main plasticizer, with a strong solubility, oil resistance, light resistance, and a good anti-mildew. Triethyl citrate is compatible with most cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, etc., and is mainly used as a plasticizer for cellulose resins and vinyl resins. In children’s toys, with the DOP toxicity data is constantly being found, more and more areas prohibit the use of DOP, and Triethyl citrate non-toxic, tasteless, transparent and good, low water extraction rate, plasticized plastic products through its excellent performance, Good heat-sealing, secondary processing convenience, especially suitable for children’s toys as the main plasticizer use. In the meat packaging, Triethyl citrate non-toxic, can be used as meat packaging materials, and DOP can not be used in high-fat content of food packaging. And Triethyl citrate tasteless, will not cause food odor, the plasticized plastic products through its transparent, good printing performance. In medical products, Triethyl citrate non-toxic, water extraction rate is low, the human body is no potential harm, by Triethyl citrate's plasticized medical products high temperature, low temperature performance. Triethyl citrate as an excellent plasticizer not only meet the conditions of non-toxic plasticizer, can also be used in general plastic products. The loss of volatiles with Triethyl citrate plasticized cellulosic film is low, and has a relatively strong adhesion to metals compared to DBP-containing cellulose film. Triethyl citrate is a widely used citrate ester. Because of Triethyl citrate's pharmacological safety, especially in the medical, pharmaceutical and food related products in the field is particularly satisfactory. Triethyl citrate and polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride – vinyl acetate copolymer has excellent compatibility, is their preferred environmentally friendly plasticizer. Triethyl citrate has a good thermal stabilization effect on the resin, which can avoid coloring during processing. Triethyl citrate gives the resin excellent low temperature softness. Triethyl citrate can also be used for vinyl latex. Compared with DBP, Triethyl citrate for plasticizing nitrocellulose film, can give products better resistance to yellowing and bonding properties with the metal. Triethyl citrate can improve the UV resistance of the resin. Triethyl citrate and DOP compared to the two of the plasticity of PVC considerable, with Triethyl citrate made PVC resin paste viscosity should be significantly lower, even after a long period of storage, the viscosity increase is also very small. At the same time, because of Triethyl citrate's gelation temperature is higher than DOP5 ℃, extended resin paste storage period. Triethyl citrate is used in medicine, can be used for dental materials, coated tablets, artificial organs, a variety of treatment systems. Triethyl citrate is used in personal supplies, can be used for hair gel, nail polish and so on. Triethyl citrate is used in the industrial field, can be used for aluminum foil, canned paint, ink, food packaging, paint coatings, lubricants, plexiglass, safety glass and various resins. Pharmaceutical Applications: Triethyl citrate is used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings, including capsules, tablets, beads, and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release and enteric formulations. Triethyl citrate is a colorless transparent liquid. Considered a safe plasticizer and a good replacement for other plasticizers like DINP. Good heat, light, and water resistance properties. Triethyl citrate was initially used as a plasticizer in polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cellulose derivates. Still, Triethyl citrate's usefulness has grown into multiple applications as the demand for more healthy and environmentally-friendly materials accelerates. Triethyl citrate is a potential replacement for phthalate plasticizers. Triethyl citrate is widely used in various plastic products, particularly those that come into contact with food. Features of Triethyl Citrate: Triethyl citrate has several key features that make it a preferred choice in various industries, especially as a plasticizer in products that require safety and flexibility. Here are Triethyl citrate's main features: Low Toxicity: Safety: Triethyl citrate is non-toxic and is considered safe for use in products that come into contact with food, skin, and even in medical applications. This makes Triethyl citrate a suitable alternative to other plasticizers like phthalates, which have raised health concerns. Biodegradability: Environmental Impact: Triethyl citrate is biodegradable, meaning it breaks down naturally in the environment, reducing the ecological footprint of products that use it. This is a significant advantage for manufacturers looking to produce more sustainable products. Excellent Plasticizing Properties: Flexibility: Triethyl citrate imparts good flexibility to polymers, especially PVC, making the materials softer, more pliable, and easier to handle. Compatibility: Triethyl citrate is compatible with a wide range of polymers, enhancing the physical properties of the materials Triethyl citrate is used in. Colorless and Odorless: Aesthetic Quality: Being colorless and odorless, Triethyl citrate does not alter the appearance or smell of the products it is used in, making it ideal for applications in consumer goods, food packaging, and cosmetics. Thermal Stability: Heat Resistance: Triethyl citrate exhibits good thermal stability, maintaining its properties even when exposed to higher temperatures. This makes Triethyl citrate suitable for products that undergo heat processing or are used in warmer environments. Non-Volatile: Reduced Emissions: Triethyl citrate has low volatility, meaning it doesn’t easily evaporate into the air. This reduces the risk of inhalation exposure and makes Triethyl citrate safer for use in indoor environments. Wide Regulatory Approval: Global Acceptance: Triethyl citrate is approved by regulatory bodies worldwide for use in food contact materials, medical devices, and other sensitive applications. This wide acceptance underscores Triethyl citrate's safety and reliability. Hydrophobic Nature: Water Resistance: Triethyl citrate is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water, which is beneficial in applications where moisture resistance is important, such as in coatings and certain types of packaging. Good Solubility: Solvent Capability: Triethyl citrate is a good solvent for many resins, making it useful in coatings, inks, and adhesives where it helps dissolve and mix other components. Cost-Effective: Economic Advantage: While being safer and more environmentally friendly, Triethyl citrate is also cost-effective, providing manufacturers with a viable alternative to more hazardous plasticizers without significantly increasing production costs. Manufacturing of Triethyl Citrate: The manufacturing process of Triethyl citrate involves several key steps, including the esterification of citric acid with butanol and subsequent acetylation. Below is a detailed overview of the manufacturing process: Raw Materials: Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇): A naturally occurring organic acid found in citrus fruits. Butanol (C₄H₁₀O): A four-carbon alcohol used as a solvent and in chemical synthesis. Acetic Anhydride (C₄H₆O₃): A reagent used for acetylation. Esterification Process: Objective: To convert citric acid into tributyl citrate by reacting it with butanol. Reaction: Citric acid reacts with butanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (like sulfuric acid) to form tributyl citrate and water. Conditions: Temperature: Typically, the reaction is carried out at an elevated temperature (around 120-150°C) to drive the reaction forward. Catalyst: A small amount of sulfuric acid or another suitable acid catalyst is used to accelerate the reaction. Equation: Citric Acid+3Butanol→Tributyl Citrate+3Water Water Removal: The water produced during the reaction is continuously removed (often by azeotropic distillation) to shift the equilibrium towards the formation of tributyl citrate. Acetylation Process: Objective: To acetylate the hydroxyl group of tributyl citrate to form Triethyl citrate. Reaction: Tributyl citrate reacts with acetic anhydride to produce Triethyl citrate and acetic acid. Conditions: Temperature: The reaction is typically carried out at temperatures ranging from 80-100°C. Catalyst: A catalyst, such as pyridine or a similar base, may be used to enhance the reaction. Equation: Tributyl Citrate+Acetic Anhydride→Acetyl Tributyl Citrate+Acetic Acid By-Product Management: The acetic acid by-product is removed from the reaction mixture, typically through distillation. Purification: Distillation: The crude Triethyl citrate product is purified by distillation to remove any residual starting materials, by-products, and unreacted acetic acid. Deodorization: Sometimes, a deodorization step is included to remove any residual odors, ensuring that the final product is colorless and odorless. Quality Control: Testing: The final product is tested for purity, color, odor, and other relevant parameters to ensure Triethyl citrate meets the required specifications for its intended applications. Packaging: After quality control, Triethyl citrate is packaged in appropriate containers (often drums or bulk containers) for distribution. Environmental and Safety Considerations: Waste Management: The manufacturing process generates waste products like water, acetic acid, and spent catalysts. These are treated or recycled in accordance with environmental regulations. Emission Control: Any volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other emissions are controlled using scrubbers, condensers, or other appropriate technology. Final Product: The final product is Triethyl citrate, a high-purity, colorless, and odorless liquid used as a plasticizer in various industries. General Manufacturing Information of Triethyl Citrate: Industry Processing Sectors: Adhesive manufacturing All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing All other basic organic chemical manufacturing All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing Custom compounding of purchased resin Paint and coating manufacturing Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing Plastic material and resin manufacturing Plastics product manufacturing Printing ink manufacturing Handling and Storage of Triethyl Citrate: Handling: Avoid Direct Contact: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent skin and eye contact. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation, especially if handling large quantities, to avoid inhalation of vapors. Spill Prevention: Handle in a manner that prevents spills or leaks. Use containers that are tightly sealed when not in use. Storage: Temperature: Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition points. Containers: Use containers made from materials compatible with Triethyl citrate (e.g., stainless steel or certain plastics). Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases, which could cause degradation or reaction. Shelf Life: Triethyl citrate is generally stable, but it should be used within its recommended shelf life for optimal performance. Stability and Reactivity of Triethyl Citrate: Chemical Stability: Triethyl citrate is stable under normal conditions of use and storage. Thermal Stability: Triethyl citrate remains stable up to its decomposition temperature, which is relatively high. Reactivity: Incompatibilities: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases, which may cause decomposition or hazardous reactions. Hazardous Decomposition Products: When exposed to fire or high temperatures, Triethyl citrate can decompose, producing carbon oxides (CO and CO₂) and other potentially harmful compounds. Polymerization: Triethyl citrate does not undergo hazardous polymerization. First Aid Measures of Triethyl Citrate: Inhalation: Remove to Fresh Air: If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and keep them at rest. Seek Medical Attention: If breathing is difficult or symptoms persist, seek medical advice. Skin Contact: Wash with Soap and Water: Immediately wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water. Remove Contaminated Clothing: Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Seek Medical Attention: If irritation or symptoms develop, get medical advice. Eye Contact: Rinse Thoroughly: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Seek Medical Attention: If irritation persists, consult a physician. Ingestion: Rinse Mouth: Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Rinse mouth with water. Seek Medical Attention: If symptoms occur, get medical advice immediately. Firefighting Measures of Triethyl Citrate: Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water Spray: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) to extinguish the fire. Avoid Water Jet: Do not use a water jet, as Triethyl citrate may spread the fire. Specific Hazards: Decomposition Products: In a fire, Triethyl citrate can decompose to produce carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and other potentially toxic fumes. Protective Equipment: Full Protective Gear: Firefighters should wear full protective clothing, including a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Cool Containers: Use water spray to cool containers exposed to fire, preventing explosion or rupture due to heat. Accidental Release Measures of Triethyl Citrate: Personal Precautions: Evacuate Area: Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area. Protective Equipment: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid inhalation of vapors. Environmental Precautions: Prevent Entry: Prevent the product from entering drains, sewers, or waterways. Spill Cleanup: Containment: Contain the spill with inert material such as sand or earth. Absorption: Absorb with non-combustible absorbent materials (e.g., sand, earth, vermiculite) and place in suitable, labeled containers for disposal. Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Triethyl Citrate: Exposure Limits: No specific exposure limits are typically established for Triethyl citrate, but general good practices should be followed. Engineering Controls: Ventilation: Use adequate ventilation or local exhaust to keep airborne concentrations below acceptable limits. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Eye Protection: Safety glasses or goggles should be worn to prevent eye contact. Skin Protection: Use gloves resistant to chemicals, such as nitrile or neoprene gloves. Wear long sleeves and other protective clothing as needed. Respiratory Protection: If ventilation is inadequate, use an appropriate respirator with organic vapor cartridges. Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure. Identifiers of Triethyl Citrate: IUPAC Name: Triethyl citrate CAS Number: 77-90-7 EC Number (EINECS): 201-067-0 Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₄O₈ Molecular Weight: 402.48 g/mol InChI Key: LUHAYUJPUXFWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES Notation: CCCCOC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC(C(=O)OCCCC)OC CAS NO: 77-90-7 EC NO: 201-067-0 Properties of Triethyl Citrate: Chemical formula: C20H34O8 Molar mass: 402.484 g·mol−1 Appearance: Colorless liquid Density: 1.046 g/cm3 Melting point: −80 °C (−112 °F; 193 K) Boiling point: 172 to 174 °C (342 to 345 °F; 445 to 447 K) 1 mm Hg Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid Odor: Odorless or very faint characteristic odor Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₄O₈ Molecular Weight: 402.48 g/mol Density: 1.045 - 1.055 g/cm³ at 20°C Boiling Point: 327°C (620.6°F) at 760 mmHg Melting Point: -80°C (-112°F) Flash Point: 204°C (399°F) (closed cup) Refractive Index: 1.440 - 1.442 at 20°C Viscosity: Approximately 50 - 70 mPa·s at 20°C Solubility: Water: Insoluble (0.002 g/L at 20°C) Organic Solvents: Soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters. Density: 1.048 Melting point: -59 ºC Boiling point: 327 ºC Refractive index: 1.441-1.444 Flash point: 204 ºC Water solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL Physical State :Liquid Storage :Store at room temperature Melting Point :-80° C Boiling Point :331° C at 732.4 mmHg Density :1.05 g/cm3 at 25° C Specifications of Triethyl Citrate: Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid. Assay (Purity): Minimum Purity: ≥ 99.0% by weight Acidity (as Acetic Acid): Maximum: ≤ 0.02% by weight Moisture Content: Maximum: ≤ 0.1% by weight Color (APHA): Maximum: ≤ 50 Hazen units Density: Range: 1.045 - 1.055 g/cm³ at 20°C Refractive Index: Range: 1.440 - 1.442 at 20°C Viscosity: Range: 50 - 70 mPa·s at 20°C Flash Point: Minimum: 204°C (399°F) (Closed cup method) Boiling Point: Approximate: 327°C at 760 mmHg Solubility: Water: Insoluble (confirming low solubility) Organic Solvents: Soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and toluene. Residual Solvents: Maximum: As per regulatory standards, typically very low or non-detectable levels. Heavy Metals: Maximum: ≤ 10 ppm (parts per million) Typically includes limits for metals such as lead, arsenic, and mercury. Volatile Loss: Maximum: ≤ 0.5% by weight at 105°C for 3 hours Measures the product’s stability at elevated temperatures. Odor: Odorless or very slight characteristic odor. Hydroxyl Value: Maximum: ≤ 0.3 mg KOH/g Typical Shelf Life: 2 years when stored under appropriate conditions. Names of Triethyl Citrate: IUPAC names: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-,tributyl ester 1,2,3-tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Acetyl tributyl citrate Acetyl tributyl citrate Acetyl tributyl citrate acetyltributyl citrate ATBC tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate TRIBUTYL 2-ACETYLCITRATE tributyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate TRIBUTYL O-ACETYLCITRATE Tributyl O-acetylcitrate Tributyl o-acetylcitrate tributyl O-acetylcitrate Tributyl O-acetylcitrate Tributyl-O-acetylcitrate