ZIRCONIUM SILICATE

Zirconium silicate’s excellent chemical stability, high melting point of approximately 2,550°C, and resistance to chemical corrosion make it an ideal material for refractory applications and high-performance materials that need to endure extreme heat and harsh environments.

Zirconium silicate is also used in a variety of industries including ceramics, dentistry, and the production of zirconium-based chemicals, where its strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to wear and corrosion make it an essential material for long-lasting products.

Zirconium silicate’s versatility extends into the aerospace, defense, and medical industries, where it is valued for its thermal barrier properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for high-performance coatings and implantable medical devices.

CAS Number: 10101-52-7

EC Number: 233-252-7

Molecular Formula: O4SiZr

Molecular Weight (g/mol): 183.31

Synonyms: Zirconium silicate, 10101-52-7, Zirconite, Zircon (Zr(SiO4)), zirconium(4+);silicate, 14940-68-2, 1344-21-4, UNII-4SY8H89134, Zirconium(IV) silicate, Silicic acid, zirconium(4+) salt, Hyacinth, EINECS 215-690-0, MFCD00085353, Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), 4SY8H89134, Zircosil 15, Standard SF 200, Ultrox 500W, Excelopax, Zircosil, Micro-Pax, Zircosil 1, Micro-Pax SP, A-PAX 45M, Zircon 30MY, Micro-Pax 20A, Oscal 1224, A-PAX-SA, EINECS 239-019-6, Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate, Tam 418, Silicic acid, zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), Zirconium(IV) silicate (1:1), Zirconium orthosilicate (ZrSiO4), Silicon zirconium oxide (SiZrO4), Zirconium silicon oxide (ZrSiO4), MZ 1000B, EINECS 233-252-7, SO4i.Zr, Zirconium Silicate Nanopowder, Zirconium Silicate Nanoparticles, DTXSID20892262, 8949AF, Zirconium silicate, <2 micron powder, Zirconium(IV) silicate, -325 mesh, AKOS025243327, ZS, FT-0695365, Zirconium(IV) Silicate Nanoparticles / Nanopowder, Q2342917, Silicic acid (H4SiO4) zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), Zirconium(IV) silicate, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (BET), 98.5% trace metals basis, Zirconium(IV) silicate , 14940-68-2, Zirconium orthosilicate, Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate, Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate, Zircon, Zircon flour, Zirconium silicon oxide, Silicic acid, zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), Zirconite, Hyacinth Zirconium silicate is a naturally occurring mineral that has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable properties and wide range of industrial applications. Zirconium silicate is most commonly found as a colorless, white, or slightly tinted crystalline material, and it is primarily derived from the mineral zircon. Zirconium silicate exhibits excellent chemical stability, resistance to high temperatures, and low thermal expansion, making it an ideal material for use in various high-performance applications. One of the most important characteristics of zirconium silicate is its high melting point of approximately 2,550°C (4,622°F), which makes it a critical component in materials that must endure extreme heat. This property is particularly valued in the production of refractory materials, including bricks and ceramics, which are used in kilns, furnaces, and other high-temperature environments. Zirconium silicate is also highly resistant to chemical corrosion, ensuring durability and longevity in harsh environments where exposure to acids, alkalis, and other aggressive substances is common. Beyond its use in ceramics and refractories, zirconium silicate has several other notable applications. Zirconium silicate is often used in the production of pigments for various types of paints, coatings, and plastics.  Zirconium silicate's ability to scatter light and its inherent whiteness make it an excellent choice for providing opacity and brightness in these products. Zirconium silicate is also used as a polishing agent for ceramics, metals, and other materials, where its hardness and smooth texture contribute to the achievement of a high-quality, smooth finish. In addition to its industrial applications, zirconium silicate is utilized in dentistry, where it is used as a material for dental ceramics and restorations. Zirconium silicate's strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to wear and corrosion make it an ideal option for long-lasting dental applications. Furthermore, zirconium silicate is commonly employed in the production of zirconium-based chemicals, such as zirconium oxychloride, which are used in water treatment, catalysts, and other chemical processes. Zirconium silicate is also recognized for its role in ceramic glazes, where it imparts superior strength, durability, and aesthetic properties to the finished product. Zirconium silicate enhances the glaze's resistance to scratching and fading, contributing to the longevity and aesthetic appeal of ceramic ware. Additionally, its ability to reduce the risk of thermal shock makes Zirconium silicate an essential component in the production of high-performance ceramic materials used in both industrial and consumer applications. The mineral's versatility and robustness extend into the construction industry, where zirconium silicate is employed as an additive in cement and concrete formulations. Zirconium silicate's inclusion helps improve the thermal stability and overall strength of these materials, particularly in applications requiring resistance to high temperatures or exposure to aggressive chemicals. From its mining and extraction to its applications in advanced manufacturing processes, zirconium silicate continues to play a pivotal role in industries ranging from aerospace to healthcare. Zirconium silicate's unique combination of thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties ensures its continued importance in modern materials science, supporting innovations in fields such as electronics, energy, and environmental protection. Zirconium silicate is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.  Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral.  Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations.  Zirconium silicate is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.  Zirconium Silicate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity, high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.  Zirconium silicate produced by milling the natural zircon sand is widely used as an opacifier of wall and floor tiles, sanitarywares and pottery.  Zirconium silicate can be used for high quality construction materials and pottery with Zirconium silicate uniform particle size and quality, showing superior emulsion effects, incresed mechanical and thermal strength and resistance to chemicals, as well as color stability. Zirconium Silicate is a high-quality and inexpensive opacifier with a high refractive index of 1.93-2.01 and chemical stability.  Zirconium silicate is widely used in the production of various ceramics.  Besides, Zirconium Silicate has a high melting point, so Zirconium silicate is also widely used in refractory materials, zirconium ramming materials for glass furnaces, casting materials and spray coatings. Zirconium silicate is extremely stable (refractory, hard, dense).  Large quantities of zircon are used by the tile, sanitaryware and tableware industries (to opacify glazes).  Zirconium silicate is a major source for the production of zirconia ZrO2. Individual zircon particles are angular, very hard and refractory and amazingly, they do not readily dissolve into glaze melts even when ball milled to exceedingly small particle sizes.  Zirconium silicate is the generic name for zirconium silicate, the trade names are different (for example, Zircopax, Zircosil).  The refractive index of Zirconium silicate is high (particularly with micronized zircon, sized less than 5 microns).  Notwithstanding this, some sources list Zirconium silicate as a source of SiO2 in glazes (meaning that Zirconium silicate does decompose).  Zirconium silicate is normally used in glazes for opacification (converting a transparent glaze to an opaque).  The silicate form or zirconium does not matte glazes (like pure zirconium oxide, actually, zirconium dioxide, does).  Zirconium silicate is the primary mineral resource for the production of zirconium metal (Zr) and zirconia (ZrO2).  Zirconium silicate is one of the most refractory substances known and is the basis of a variety of advanced ceramic materials ranging from high ionic conductivity to high mechanical strength and toughness (see jet engine blades). Zirconium silicate is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.  Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral.  Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required.  Zirconium silicate is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes. Zirconium silicate is not only significant for its practical applications, but also for its role in the materials science field, particularly in the development of advanced ceramics and nanomaterials. Zirconium silicate’s excellent mechanical properties, including its high hardness and resilience, make it an essential part of cutting-edge research in areas such as nanoengineering and biomaterials. Zirconium silicate-based compounds have shown promise in the development of nano-composites that combine the strength of zirconium silicate with other materials, enhancing their functionality and opening new possibilities for industries like electronics and medical devices. In the aerospace and defense industries, zirconium silicate is used for high-performance coatings that provide protection against extreme environments. Zirconium silicate's thermal barrier properties are highly valued in jet engines, turbines, and other systems that operate at elevated temperatures. The stability and heat resistance of zirconium silicate enable it to be utilized in thermal protection systems, which are essential for spacecraft and high-speed aircraft, where durability against heat flux and thermal shock is critical. Moreover, zirconium silicate's low toxicity and biocompatibility make it highly advantageous in medical applications. Beyond dental materials, Zirconium silicate is increasingly being used for implantable medical devices like orthopedic implants, where its resistance to corrosion, wear, and biodegradation helps to ensure long-term functionality within the body. Zirconium silicate is also being investigated for use in drug delivery systems, where its high surface area can be used to create effective carriers for controlled release of therapeutic compounds. As a naturally abundant mineral, zirconium silicate’s environmental impact is relatively minimal when compared to synthetic alternatives. Mining for zirconium silicate is often done through open-pit mining and dredging, with careful management practices to minimize the ecological disruption of the surrounding areas. Additionally, because Zirconium silicate is a refractory material that can withstand high temperatures, it plays an important role in reducing energy consumption during industrial processes by promoting higher efficiency in high-temperature systems. In the textile industry, zirconium silicate is sometimes used as a sizing agent in the processing of fabrics. This allows for enhanced fabric strength and resistance to abrasion while maintaining Zirconium silicate’s flexibility. Zirconium silicate's incorporation in textile production is particularly beneficial for fabrics that undergo heavy wear and tear, ensuring they maintain their integrity and appearance over time. The unique set of attributes that zirconium silicate provides—thermal stability, chemical inertness, high hardness, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability—continues to drive its use across a broad spectrum of industries. As demand for high-performance materials grows, especially in environmentally conscious applications, zirconium silicate is likely to remain a key material in the development of sustainable technologies and advanced manufacturing processes. Researchers are also exploring innovative ways to further enhance its properties and expand its applications, cementing zirconium silicate’s role as a crucial material in the materials science landscape. Market Overview of Zirconium Silicate: The zirconium silicate market is experiencing steady growth driven by the increasing demand for high-performance materials across various industries, including ceramics, refractories, automotive, and electronics. The market is primarily supported by Zirconium silicate's widespread applications in sectors where heat resistance, chemical stability, and mechanical strength are essential. With the rise in global infrastructure projects, construction, and industrial advancements, the demand for zirconium silicate in refractory materials and ceramic products continues to expand. The ceramics industry is one of the largest consumers of zirconium silicate, particularly for the production of tiles, pottery, and dental ceramics, where its properties improve durability, strength, and aesthetic qualities. As urbanization and infrastructure development increase globally, there is a growing need for advanced ceramics, which has further fueled market demand. Zirconium silicate is also seeing rising applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, where its resistance to high temperatures and thermal shock resistance is highly valued. The refractory market is driven by the need for materials that can withstand extreme temperatures in applications like furnaces, kilns, and turbines, which are critical to industries like metal production, energy, and cement manufacturing. Furthermore, the electronics industry is increasingly adopting zirconium silicate for use in capacitors and semiconductors, where its high dielectric properties and thermal stability are essential for high-performance components. The cosmetics and personal care market is another key driver, where zirconium silicate is used in formulations for pigments, sunscreens, and cosmetic products, owing to its ability to improve texture, opacity, and stability. The Asia-Pacific region is the dominant market for zirconium silicate, driven by significant demand in countries like China, India, and Japan, where industrialization and infrastructure growth are rapidly expanding. Additionally, North America and Europe also contribute significantly to the market, with applications in high-tech industries and a growing focus on sustainable materials. As environmental concerns become more prominent, there is an increasing emphasis on sourcing zirconium silicate from eco-friendly processes and sustainable mining practices, which further enhances its appeal in various green technology applications. Overall, the zirconium silicate market is expected to maintain a positive growth trajectory, driven by its essential role in diverse high-performance applications, its versatility across industries, and the growing demand for advanced and durable materials in emerging global markets. Uses of Zirconium Silicate: Zirconium silicate is a highly versatile and durable mineral compound with a wide range of industrial applications, owing to its exceptional properties such as high melting point, chemical stability, and resistance to heat and wear. Zirconium silicate is primarily used in the production of refractories, where its ability to withstand extreme temperatures makes it ideal for high-temperature environments like furnaces, kilns, and turbines. Zirconium silicate is also widely used in the ceramic industry, contributing to the strength and durability of ceramics, tiles, and dental restorations. Zirconium silicate's role as a pigment and opacity agent in paints, coatings, and plastics enhances the brightness and performance of these products. In addition, zirconium silicate is utilized as a polishing agent in metalworking, ceramics, and gemstones, as well as in water treatment for removing contaminants. Furthermore, Zirconium silicate is increasingly being explored in medical and dental applications due to its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. With Zirconium silicate's broad range of uses across diverse industries such as electronics, construction, and cosmetics, zirconium silicate continues to be a critical material in advancing high-performance products. The major applications exploit Zirconium silicate refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials.  Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes.  In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an opacifier.  Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.  Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.  Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors. Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.  For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate was nearly 1M tons.  The major applications exploit Zirconium silicate refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials. Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes.  In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an opacifier.  Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements. Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding. Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors. Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.  For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Zirconium silicate is a versatile compound with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. Below are some of the primary uses of zirconium silicate: Refractory Materials: High-Temperature Applications: Due to its high melting point (around 2,550°C), zirconium silicate is commonly used in the production of refractories, which are materials that can withstand extreme heat without degrading. Zirconium silicate is used in kilns, furnaces, and incinerators where high temperatures are required. Heat-Resistant Bricks: Zirconium silicate is used in making fire bricks and other refractory products for the metal and ceramic industries, as well as in gas turbines and heat exchangers. Ceramic Industry: Ceramic Tiles and Pottery: Zirconium silicate is a key ingredient in the production of ceramic glazes and tiles, offering improved strength, durability, and thermal shock resistance. Zirconium silicate also imparts a glossy finish to ceramics, improving both appearance and performance. Dental Ceramics: In dentistry, zirconium silicate is used for creating durable and biocompatible dental restorations, such as crowns and bridges, due to its hardness, wear resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Pigments and Paints: Whiteness and Opacity:  Zirconium silicate is used as a pigment and opacity agent in paints, coatings, and plastics.  Zirconium silicate improves the brightness and color stability of products. Zirconium silicate is often used in white pigments and industrial paints, contributing to both the opacity and durability of the paint. Polishing and Abrasive Applications: Polishing Agent: Due to its hardness and smooth texture, zirconium silicate is used as a polishing agent in industries such as metalworking, automotive, ceramics, and jewelry. Zirconium silicate is used to polish gemstones, metal surfaces, and ceramic materials, providing a high-quality finish without scratching or damaging the surface. Abrasive Materials: Zirconium silicate is sometimes used in abrasive blasting and grinding media due to its ability to resist wear and its hardness. Zirconium silicate is a preferred material for ceramic grinding balls used in the manufacturing of ceramics and in high-speed mills. Water Filtration and Treatment: Filtration Media: Zirconium silicate is used in the water treatment industry as a filtering agent. Zirconium silicate effectively removes contaminants, including heavy metals, from water.  Due to its resistance to corrosion and chemical stability, Zirconium silicate is highly effective in removing particles and pollutants from industrial wastewaters. Dental and Medical Applications: Dental Restorations: Zirconium silicate is used in dental ceramics for crowns, veneers, and bridges, offering a high degree of strength and biocompatibility. Zirconium silicate is an essential material for long-lasting dental restorations that need to endure chewing forces. Orthopedic Implants: In some cases, zirconium silicate is being explored as part of biocompatible coatings for orthopedic implants, offering corrosion resistance and wear resistance for joint replacements and other medical devices. Electronics and Semiconductor Industry: Capacitors: Zirconium silicate is used in the electronics industry, particularly in capacitors and electronic components, where its high thermal stability and dielectric properties make it useful in high-performance applications. Construction Industry: Cement and Concrete Additive: Zirconium silicate is used as an additive in cement and concrete to improve the thermal stability and strength of the materials. Zirconium silicate helps prevent cracking and enhances the durability of concrete exposed to high heat or harsh chemicals. Nuclear Industry: Nuclear Fuel Rods: Zirconium silicate is also utilized in the nuclear industry, particularly in the construction of fuel rods for nuclear reactors, due to its radiation resistance and high melting point. Cosmetics and Personal Care: Pigments in Cosmetics: Zirconium silicate is used in cosmetic products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and blushes as a pigment and texturizer. Zirconium silicate improves the product's smooth application and enhances its opacity and performance. Sunscreens: In sunscreen formulations, zirconium silicate is sometimes used for its light-scattering properties, helping to block UV radiation and improve the product's stability. Environmental Applications: Pollution Control: Due to its high resistance to various chemicals, zirconium silicate is sometimes used in pollution control systems, where it helps neutralize acidic effluents or remove pollutants from industrial emissions. Glass Production: Glass Additive: In the production of high-performance glass for industrial or decorative purposes, zirconium silicate can be used as an additive to improve the strength and durability of the glass. Food Industry (Limited Use): Food Processing: In very limited cases, zirconium silicate has been used as a food additive (classified as an antimicrobial agent or anticaking agent), although its use is typically controlled by regulatory authorities to ensure safety. Uses in Pottery: Zircon is normally used in glazes for opacification (converting a transparent glaze to an opaque).  The silicate form or zirconium does not matte glazes (like pure zirconium oxide, actually, zirconium dioxide, does).  The exact amount needed varies between different glaze types.  10-12% is normal, but up to 20% may be required to opacify some transparent glazes.  When the saturation point is achieved crystallization begins to occur.  Zirconium silicate is most effective at low temperatures.  Tin oxide can be a more effective opacifier than zircon (Zirconium silicate has various advantages and disadvantages).  As a glaze opacifier the white color produced by zirconium silicate is often characterized as 'toilet bowl white'.  Tin oxide, by contrast, can produce more of a blue-white, but tin is subject to alteration of the color (toward pink) if there is any chrome in the kiln atmosphere.  If the shade of white is too harsh, Zirconium silicate can be toned by shifting part of the opacification burden to tin or by adding a tiny amount of stain (e.g. blue, brown, grey).  The low expansion or zircon will tend to reduce crazing in glazes.  In a non-crazed glaze, the presence of sufficient zircon can reduce thermal expansion enough that there is a danger of shivering (the glaze formulation may need to be adjusted to accommodate, e.g. more Zircon lowers glaze thermal expansion).  Zirconium silicate is best to exclude the chemistry of the zircon materials from participation in glaze chemistry calculations, treating Zirconium silicate simply as an addition (then take into consideration Zirconium silicate effect on glaze properties on a physical rather than chemical level). Industry Uses: Imported materials formed into refractory Processing aids, not otherwise listed Thermal / chemical resistance Consumer Uses: Metal products not covered elsewhere Industrial refractory products Benefits of Zirconium Silicate: Zirconium silicate offers a range of benefits that make it a valuable material across various industries. Below are some key advantages of using zirconium silicate: High Heat Resistance: Zirconium silicate has an exceptionally high melting point (around 2,550°C), making it an ideal material for high-temperature applications such as in refractories, furnaces, kilns, and turbines. Zirconium silicate's ability to withstand extreme heat without degrading ensures long-lasting performance in high-heat environments. Chemical Inertness: Zirconium silicate is chemically stable and resistant to corrosion, which makes it suitable for use in harsh environments where exposure to chemicals, acids, and alkalis is common. Zirconium silicate is often used in chemical processing and water treatment to neutralize pollutants and remove contaminants. Mechanical Strength and Durability: Zirconium silicate is a hard and durable material that provides increased strength to products such as ceramics, tiles, and dental restorations. Its abrasion resistance ensures that items made from zirconium silicate can withstand wear and tear, extending the lifespan of the products. Thermal Shock Resistance: Due to its thermal stability and resilience to sudden temperature changes, zirconium silicate is used in products exposed to thermal shock, such as in aerospace and automotive applications, and in industrial furnaces. This resistance prevents materials from cracking or degrading under extreme temperature fluctuations. Biocompatibility: Zirconium silicate is known for its biocompatibility, which makes it suitable for use in medical and dental applications. Zirconium silicate is used in dental crowns, implants, and restorations, where it provides strength, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal without causing harm to the human body. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable: As a naturally occurring mineral, zirconium silicate is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Zirconium silicate is non-toxic, biodegradable, and can be mined with minimal environmental disruption when proper practices are followed. This makes Zirconium silicate an attractive option for industries focused on green technologies and sustainable materials. Versatility in Applications: The versatile nature of zirconium silicate allows it to be used in a variety of industries. Zirconium silicate is used as a pigment and opacity agent in paints and coatings, a polishing agent in metalworking, an abrasive in grinding media, and as a filtering agent in water treatment. Zirconium silicate's broad range of applications makes it highly adaptable to different industrial needs. Improved Aesthetic Qualities: In the ceramics and cosmetics industries, zirconium silicate improves the aesthetic appearance of products by adding a glossy finish, enhancing color stability, and providing better opacity. This makes Zirconium silicate an ideal choice for products like ceramic tiles, cosmetic pigments, and sunscreen formulations. Enhances Product Strength: In ceramic tiles, glazes, and refractory materials, zirconium silicate enhances product strength and durability, making these materials more resistant to wear, damage, and environmental factors, such as moisture, heat, and chemicals. This results in longer-lasting products with improved performance. Improved Foam and Viscosity Control: Zirconium silicate is used in personal care products like shampoos, conditioners, and body washes to improve the foam quality, viscosity, and overall texture of the product. Zirconium silicate helps create formulations that are gentler on the skin and long-lasting, providing a creamy, rich lather that improves the sensory experience. Low Environmental Impact: Mining and processing zirconium silicate typically have a lower environmental impact compared to synthetic materials. The mineral can be sourced responsibly, and Zirconium silicate's natural origin adds to its appeal as a green material in industries that prioritize sustainability and eco-conscious practices. Cost-Effectiveness: While zirconium silicate may have a higher upfront cost in some applications, its long lifespan, low maintenance requirements, and high durability make it a cost-effective choice over time, especially in industries that require high-performance materials. Reduced Use of Harmful Chemicals: In some applications, zirconium silicate can replace other toxic or harmful materials, such as synthetic pigments or abrasive agents, contributing to safer products in the environment and workplace. Radiation Resistance: In nuclear industries, zirconium silicate exhibits radiation resistance, making it an ideal material for nuclear fuel rods and other applications that require exposure to radiation without degradation. General Manufacturing Information of Zirconium Silicate: Industry Processing Sectors: Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing. Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing Production of Zirconium Silicate: The production of zirconium silicate involves several steps, starting with the extraction of the raw material and ending with the processing into a usable product for various industrial applications. Below is an overview of the typical production process: Extraction of Raw Materials: Zirconium silicate is primarily obtained from the mineral zircon, which is typically found in beach sands, known as zircon sands. These sands are rich in zirconium and are mined through traditional methods such as open-pit mining or dredging. The raw zircon is then washed to remove impurities such as clay and other minerals. Crushing and Grinding: Once extracted, the zircon sand is crushed and ground into a fine powder. This helps break down the large pieces of raw zircon and makes Zirconium silicate easier to process further. The grinding process is essential for the next step of refining and separating the zirconium content. Refining Process: The ground zircon sand is subjected to a refining process that can vary depending on the intended use of the final product. There are two main refining techniques for producing zirconium silicate: Acid Leaching: In this process, zircon sand is treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). This helps dissolve impurities, leaving behind the zirconium silicate. The resulting material is then washed and dried to remove excess acid and water. Hydrothermal Treatment: In some cases, zircon sand is processed under high pressure and temperature conditions with water, producing a more refined zirconium silicate that is suitable for certain high-performance applications. High-Temperature Calcination: In this step, the purified zirconium silicate is calcined at high temperatures, typically above 1,500°C, in a furnace or kiln. This step ensures that the zirconium silicate is fully crystallized and the material reaches its desired level of hardness and stability. The calcination process is crucial for increasing the chemical and thermal stability of the zirconium silicate and preparing it for use in refractory, ceramic, and other high-temperature applications. Particle Size Adjustment: Once calcined, the zirconium silicate is ground further to achieve the desired particle size. The particle size can vary depending on the final application. For example, in ceramics and tiles, Zirconium silicate may be ground into finer powders, while in refractories and abrasives, larger granules may be preferred for increased strength and durability. Quality Control: During the production process, the zirconium silicate undergoes several quality control tests to ensure that it meets the required specifications for different applications. These tests may include: Chemical composition analysis: To confirm the levels of zirconium and silica content. Physical properties tests: To evaluate hardness, melting point, and particle size distribution. Contaminant testing: To ensure Zirconium silicate is free from impurities that could affect its performance in end-use applications. Packaging and Distribution: After the production process is complete and the material has passed quality control, the zirconium silicate is packaged and prepared for distribution. Zirconium silicate may be sold as raw powder, granules, or other forms depending on the specific market needs. For example, in the ceramics industry, Zirconium silicate might be packaged as fine powders, while in refractory applications, larger granules or aggregates are typically supplied. Additional Processing (Optional): In some cases, zirconium silicate may undergo additional processing to modify its properties for specific uses. For example, Zirconium silicate can be coated or treated with other chemicals to enhance its performance in certain industrial applications, such as improving its abrasive properties or heat resistance. Environmental Considerations: The production of zirconium silicate is generally considered environmentally sustainable, as the material is naturally abundant and requires relatively low-energy processing compared to other synthetic materials. Additionally, since zirconium silicate is non-toxic and biodegradable, it is increasingly favored in eco-friendly products and green technologies. History of Zirconium Silicate: Zirconium silicate, a naturally occurring mineral, has a long history dating back to ancient times when zircon, the mineral from which zirconium silicate is derived, was prized as a gemstone due to its brilliance and durability. The chemical element zirconium itself was first isolated in 1789 by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, but it wasn’t until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that zirconium silicate began to see industrial applications. Initially used in ceramics and refractories for their high heat resistance, Zirconium silicate's significance grew during the mid-20th century, especially with the advent of the nuclear industry, where zirconium alloys were essential due to their low neutron absorption. Over time, zirconium silicate’s versatile properties—such as stability under high temperatures, resistance to corrosion, and non-toxic nature—led to its adoption in a wide range of industries, from abrasives to environmental technologies. Today, zirconium silicate continues to be a crucial material in various applications, benefiting from increased focus on sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing processes. Handling and Storage of Zirconium Silicate: Handling: Use zirconium silicate in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling dust. Avoid direct contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wear appropriate protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when handling. Ensure that containers are properly sealed to avoid spillage. Storage: Store zirconium silicate in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area. Keep away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids or alkalis, and direct sources of heat. Store in sealed containers to prevent contamination or moisture uptake. Stability and Reactivity of Zirconium Silicate: Stability: Zirconium silicate is chemically stable under normal conditions of use and storage. Zirconium silicate does not easily decompose or react with water or air. Reactivity: Zirconium silicate is generally inert and does not react with most chemicals. Zirconium silicate is not reactive with acids or alkalis under standard conditions. Conditions to Avoid: Extreme heat or open flames could affect Zirconium silicate’s stability, although it typically resists high temperatures. Incompatibilities: Zirconium silicate may react with strong acids or strong alkalis under certain conditions. First Aid Measures of Zirconium Silicate: Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately.  If symptoms persist (such as coughing or difficulty breathing), seek medical attention. Skin Contact: Wash the affected area with soap and water. If irritation occurs, seek medical advice. Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. Ingestion: If ingested, rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a healthcare professional. Seek medical attention immediately. Fire Fighting Measures of Zirconium Silicate: Extinguishing Media: Use water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or foam to extinguish a fire involving zirconium silicate. Special Fire-Fighting Procedures: Wear full protective gear, including a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to protect against toxic fumes in case of a fire. Hazardous Combustion Products: Zirconium silicate itself is not highly flammable, but in extreme conditions, it could release toxic fumes or smoke. Accidental Release Measures of Zirconium Silicate: Personal Precautions: Wear appropriate PPE, such as gloves, goggles, and a dust mask, to avoid inhalation or skin contact with released material. Environmental Precautions: Prevent Zirconium silicate from entering drains, waterways, or soil to avoid environmental contamination. Spill Cleanup: Carefully collect and place spilled zirconium silicate into suitable containers for disposal. Avoid generating dust during cleanup. Use a vacuum or damp cloth to clean up the spill. Disposal: Dispose of zirconium silicate according to local regulations for non-hazardous materials. Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Zirconium Silicate: Occupational Exposure Limits: Zirconium silicate is generally considered non-toxic and does not have specific exposure limits. However, in environments with dust generation, dust control measures should be implemented. Engineering Controls: Ensure proper ventilation to avoid the buildup of dust in work areas. Use dust collection systems if dust generation is significant. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Eye Protection: Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect against dust or splashes. Skin Protection: Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent skin contact. Respiratory Protection: Use a dust mask or respirator if airborne dust concentrations are high. Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking. Identifiers of Zirconium Silicate: CAS Number: 10101-52-7 ChemSpider: 55663 ECHA InfoCard: 100.030.216 EC Number: 233-252-7 MeSH: Zircon PubChem CID: 61775 UNII: 4SY8H89134 CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID60892246 InChI: InChI=1S/O4Si.Zr/c1-5(2,3)4;/q-4;+4 Key: GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES: [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CAS Number: 14940-68-2 EINECS Number: 239-969-1 IUPAC Name: Zirconium orthosilicate Molecular Formula: ZrSiO₄ Synonyms: Zircon, Zirconia silicate EC Number: 239-969-1 HS Code: 2825.90 (Used for international trade classification) RTECS Number: ZH8750000 SMILES: O=[Si]O[Zr] InChI: InChI=1S/Si.Zr.O4/c1-5-6(2)4 Properties of Zirconium Silicate: Chemical formula: O4SiZr Molar mass: 183.305 g·mol−1 Appearance: Colourless crystals Density: 4.56 g cm−3 Melting point: 1,540 °C (2,800 °F; 1,810 K) (decomposes) Molecular Weight: 183.31 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4 Rotatable Bond Count: 0 Exact Mass: 181.861284 Monoisotopic Mass: 181.861284 Topological Polar Surface Area: 92.2 Ų Heavy Atom Count : 6 Complexity: 19.1 Isotope Atom Count: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2 Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes Specifications of Zirconium Silicate: CAS Number: 10101-52-7 Molecular formula: ZrSiO4 Molecular weight: 183.31 Appearance: White powder Density: 4.56 g/cm3 Melting point: 2550 °C Solubility: Insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia. Color: White Melting Point: 2550°C Quantity: 500g Merck Index: 14,10181 Formula Weight: 183.3 Physical Form: <2 Micron powder Odor: Odorless Particle Size: <2 Micron Density: 4.56 g/mL Chemical Name or Material: Zirconium silicate Thermochemistry of Zirconium Silicate: Heat capacity (C): 98.3 J/mol K Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -2044 kJ/mol Names of Zirconium Silicate: Regulatory process names: Zircon zircon IUPAC names: tetraoxidosilane tetraoxidosilane; zirconium(4+) ziconium orthosilicate ZIRCON Zircon zircon zircon sand Zirconium (IV) silicate zirconium orthosilicate ZIRCONIUM SILICATE Zirconium Silicate zirconium silicate zirconium(IV) silicate Zirkon Systematic IUPAC name: Zirconium(4+) silicate Preferred IUPAC name: Zirconium(IV) silicate Other names: Zircon Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate Other identifier: 14940-68-2 MeSH Entry Terms of Zirconium Silicate: Everest HPC ziconite zircon zirconium silicate ZrSiO4